Deuteronomy 12:23

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Deuteronomy 12:23 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Deuteronomy 12:23 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/deuteronomy/12/23.

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English Translation
Only be sure that you don't eat the blood: for the blood is the life; and you shall not eat the life with the flesh.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Only be sure that you don't eat the blood: for the blood is the life; and you shall not eat the life with the flesh.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Only be sure that thou eat not the blood: for the blood is the life; and thou mayest not eat the life with the flesh.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Only be strong, do not eat the blood, for the blood is the life, and do not eat the life with the meat.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Only be sure that you don't eat the blood: for the blood is the life; and you shall not eat the life with the flesh.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Only be sure not to eat the blood, because the blood is the life, and you must not eat the life with the meat.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Only be sure not to eat the blood, because the blood is the life, and you must not eat the life with the meat.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Only be sure that thou eat not the blood: for the blood is the life; and thou mayest not eat the life with the flesh.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    Only be sure that thou eat not the blood: for the blood is the life; and thou shalt not eat the life with the flesh.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    Only be sure that thou eat not the blood: for the blood is the life; and thou shalt not eat the life with the flesh.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Onely bee sure that thou eate not the blood: for the blood is the life, and thou maiest not eate the life with the flesh.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    Only beware of this, that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is for the soul: and therefore thou must not eat the soul with the flesh:
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    `Only, be sure not to eat the blood, for the blood `is' the life, and thou dost not eat the life with the flesh;
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Only, be sure not to eat the blood, for the blood [is] the life, and you do not eat the life with the flesh;
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Only be sure that you do not consume the blood, for the blood is the life; you will not eat the life with the meat.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Only be strong, do not eat the blood, for the blood is the life, and do not eat the life with the meat.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    Only, be sure that thou eat not the blood; for the blood is the life, and thou mayest not eat the life with the flesh;
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Only be sure that you don’t eat the blood; for the blood is the life. You shall not eat the life with the meat.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    Only be sure that thou eat not the blood: for the blood is the life; and thou mayest not eat the life with the flesh.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Just make sure you don't eat the blood, because the blood is the life, and you must not eat the life with the meat.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    But see that you do not take the blood for food; for the blood is the life; and you may not make use of the life as food with the flesh.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    Only be stedfast in not eating the blood; for the blood is the life; and thou shalt not eat the life with the flesh.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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רַ֣ק
raq
H7535
“only”
Particle, Accusative
Part of Speech
Particle
Type
Accusative
Full BDB Definition

Origin: the same as H7534 as a noun

TWOT: 2218a

only, altogether, surely - only - only, nought but, altogether (in limitation) - save, except (after a negative) - only, altogether, surely (with an affirmative) - if only, provided only (prefixed for emphasis) - only, exclusively (for emphasis)
  1. חֲזַ֗ק châzaq H2388 “strengthen” Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular
  2. לְבִלְתִּי֙ biltîy H1115 “to/for · except” Preposition + Conjunction
  3. אֲכֹ֣ל ʼâkal H398 “to eat” Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct
  4. הַדָּ֔ם dâm H1818 “the · blood” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  5. כִּ֥י kîy H3588 “that” Conjunction
  6. הַדָּ֖ם dâm H1818 “the · blood” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  7. ה֣וּא hûwʼ H1931 “he” Pronoun, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  8. הַנָּ֑פֶשׁ nephesh H5315 “the · soul” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Absolute
  9. וְלֹא lôʼ H3808 “and · not” Conjunction + Particle, Negative
  10. תֹאכַ֥ל ʼâkal H398 “to eat” Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular
  11. הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ nephesh H5315 “the · soul” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Absolute
  12. עִם ʻim H5973 “with” Preposition
  13. הַבָּשָֽׂר bâsâr H1320 “the · flesh” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

14
words
11
distinct lemmas
Pentateuch
section

Grammatical profile

  • 3 verbs
  • 5 nouns
  • 1 pronoun
  • 1 preposition
  • 2 conjunctions
  • 2 particles

Verb forms

  • חֲזַ֗ק Qal · Imperative
  • אֲכֹ֣ל Qal · Infinitive Construct
  • תֹאכַ֥ל Qal · Imperfect

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • אֲכֹ֣ל to eat H398 ×2
  • הַדָּ֔ם blood H1818 ×2
  • הַנָּ֑פֶשׁ soul H5315 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 25 words from the Hebrew and 24 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 14 Hebrew tokens and 18 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

5

Topical passages linked to Deuteronomy 12:23 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Leviticus 17:11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood; and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that makes atonement by reason of the life.
  • Genesis 9:4 But flesh with the life of it, the blood of it, you shall not eat.
  • Leviticus 17:13–14 "'Whatever man there is of the children of Israel, or of the strangers who live as foreigners among them, who takes in hunting any animal or bird that may be eaten; he shall pour out its blood, and cover it with dust.
  • Leviticus 3:16–17 The priest shall burn them on the altar: it is the food of the offering made by fire, for a sweet savor; all the fat is Yahweh's.
  • Deuteronomy 12:16 Only you shall not eat the blood; you shall pour it out on the earth as water.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Deuteronomy 12:23 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

רַ֣ק חֲזַ֗ק לְבִלְתִּי֙ אֲכֹ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם כִּ֥י הַדָּ֖ם ה֣וּא הַנָּ֑פֶשׁ וְלֹא תֹאכַ֥ל הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָֽׂר

Only be sure that you don't eat the blood: for the blood is the life; and you shall not eat the life with the flesh.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Deuteronomy 12:23 Septuagint · lemma form

προςἔχω ἰσχυρῶς ὁ μή ἐσθίω αἷμα ὅτι ὁ αἷμα αὐτός ψυχή οὐ βιβρώσκω ὁ ψυχή μετά ὁ κρέας

Take diligent heed that you eat no blood, for blood is the life of it; the life shall not be eaten with the flesh.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

2

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    לְחוֹד תְּקֵף בְּדִיל דְלָא לְמֵיכַל דְּמָא אֲרֵי דְמָא הוּא נַפְשָׁא וְלָא תֵיכוּל נַפְשָׁא עִם בִּשְׂרָא

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

  2. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    לְחוֹד אִיתוֹקְפוּן בְּיִצְרֵיכוֹן מְטוּל דְּלָא לְמֵיכוּל אִידְמָא אֲרוּם אִידְמָא הוּא קִיּוּם נַפְשָׁא וְלָא תֵיכְלוּן אִידְמָא דְבֵיהּ קִיּוּם נַפְשָׁא עִם בִּישְרָא

    Only put a strong restraint upon your desires, that you eat no blood; for the blood is the subsistence of the life. You may not, with the flesh, eat blood, in which is the subsistence of life:

    Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Deuteronomy 12:23 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

12:23 the blood is the life: In this figure of speech, the means (blood) is equated with the effect (life). Since life is sacred, its vehicle, the blood, is also sacred (see also Lev 17:11).

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

Hebrew, be strong or constant.

Because the life of beasts is in their blood.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 23. For the blood is the life] And the life being offered as an atonement, consequently the blood should not be eaten. See Clarke on Le 17:11, where the subject of the vitality of the blood is largely considered.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Only be sure that thou eat not the blood,.... This is repeated again, that they might be careful to observe the law concerning that:

for the blood is the life: which is the reason given for the prohibition of it; see Gill on Lev 17:11,

and thou mayest not eat the life with the flesh: by which it seems that the meaning of the law was, that the blood might not be eaten in or with the flesh, but to be let out of it, or the fish not to be eaten raw, but dressed; for there were various laws about eating of blood, which are differently expressed.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Soul. See Genesis ix. 4. Blood maintains the life of animals, and it would seem cruel to begin to eat them before they were perfectly dead. But the obligation of this positive law has long ago ceased, as it was intended chiefly for the Jews.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

The blood is the life; of which See Poole on "Gen 9:4". See Poole on "Lev 17:11". The animal life depends upon the blood.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

23. Be sure that thou eat not the blood — Be firm in resisting any inclination to so doing.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

The law relating to the blood, as in Deu 12:16. - "Be strong not to eat the blood," i.e., stedfastly resist the temptation to eat it.

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

the blood is the life

Here the way that blood sustains life is spoken of as if the blood were life itself. AT: "the blood sustains life" or "the blood causes animals and people to live" (See: Metaphor)

you will not eat the life with the meat

The word "life" here represents the blood that sustains life. AT: "You will not eat what sustains life with the meat" or "you will not eat the blood, which sustains life, with the meat" (See: Metonymy)

what is right in the eyes of Yahweh

The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. AT: "what is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considers to be right" (See: Metaphor)

translationWords

consume

blood

life

earth

water

Yahweh

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

רק חזק לבלתי אכל הדם ONLY BE STRONG THAT THOU EAT NOT THE BLOOD — From the fact that it states, “Be strong” (make a special effort), you may learn that they had a prediliction to blood — to the eating of it; it was therefore necessary to state, “be strong”. This is the view of R. Judah. R. Simeon, the son of Azzai, however, says: Scripture merely intends to caution you and to teach you to what great an extent you must strive to fulfil the divine commandments in general. If, as regards blood from which one can easily keep aloof since one does not long for it, it felt it necessary to insist on a strong effort on your part when forbidding it to you, how much the more is it necessary for you to make great efforts in keeping other commands [the fulfillment of which requires much moral strength] (cf. Sifrei Devarim 76:1-3).

ולא תאכל הנפש עם הבשר AND THOU MAYEST NOT EAT THE LIFE WITH THE FLESH — This is a prohibition of אבר מן החי, the eating of a limb cut from a living animal (Sifrei Devarim 76:5; Chullin 102a; cf. Rashi on Genesis 9:4).

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Deuteronomy, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 14 words (11 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is raq (“only”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “only” (raq) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. How does Leviticus 17:11, which shares this passage’s theme, read alongside this verse?
  3. What does the repetition of “to eat” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  4. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  5. «חֲזַ֗ק» is a Qal Imperative verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  6. Compare how Tyndale Open Study Notes and Geneva Bible (1599) read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

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