כַּוָּן
cake
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Every verse where H3561 appears — 2 distinct verses across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Jeremiah 2 verses
- Jeremiah 7:18 כַּוָּנִ֜ים n c mp The children gather wood, and the fathers kindle the fire, and the women knead the dough, to make cakes to the queen of the sky, and to pour out drink-offerings to other gods, that they may provoke me to anger.
- Jeremiah 44:19 כַּוָּנִים֙ n c mp When we burned incense to the queen of the sky, and poured out drink-offerings to her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink-offerings to her, without our husbands?
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, כון (kavvân) means “cake.” With only 2 verses it sits in the long tail of Hebrew Bible vocabulary. Its uses cluster heavily in Jeremiah (100% of all occurrences). First canonically at Jeremiah 7:18, it enters the text early. From the same root come כון, אכן and כן. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3561 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 2
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 2 distinct verses.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #4,807
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 4,807 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 2 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Jeremiah 2 verses 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 2 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 2 verses · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Cakes 2×
- American Standard Version: Cakes 1×, Did we make her cakes 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Cakes 1×, Sacrificial cakes 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Cakes 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3561 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3561 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3561 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3561 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- cake, sacrificial cake
Word origin
[ כַּוָּן ] n.[m.] cake, sacrificial cake —only pl.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from כון (kûwn) (H3559) — to be established.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
כּוּן
- (b. h.) to stand, exist, be firm.
- 1. to straighten. Sifré Deut. 308 מְכַוְּונוֹ במעגילה he tries to straighten the wood in a press; Yalk. Deut. 942 (not מכינן); Pesik. Zutr. Haăz. (ed. Bub. V, p. 111) נתנו לאומן שיְכַוְּונוֹ he gave it to a mechanic to straighten it.
- 2. to place in a line, direct. Macc. II, 5 (9ᵇ) מְכַוְּונִין להן דרך וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. ומְכוּוָּנוֹת להן דרכים, v. infra) we make for them direct roads from one place of refuge to the other.
- 3. to determine exactly (place, time &c.). Y. Erub. V, 22ᶜ לְכַוֵּין את הרוחות how to determine exactly the four cardinal points (v. רָבַע). Ib. bot. הארון היה מְכַוֵּין וכ׳ the Ark indicated for them the points of the compass. Gen. R. s. 15, beg., v. כִּוּוּן. M. Kat. 10ᵃ אין יכול לכַוֵּין אימרא וכ׳ is unable to sew the fringe accurately on the bosom of the shirt. Ber. 7ᵃ לכַוֵּין אותה שעה to seize the opportunity of just that moment; a. fr.
- 4. (with לב or sub. לב) to direct or prepare one’s mind, to pay attention, to do a thing with an intention. Ber. II, 1 אם כ׳ לבו if he (while reading in the Law) had his mind directed (to the Sh’ma); ib. 13ᵃ אם כ׳ לבו לקרות it means, he read with attention (to the sense, not merely like one going over the text for correction). R. Hash. 28ᵇ כ׳ לבו לצאת he had the intention of complying with the law (v. יָצָא); opp. (כ׳) לשמוע he directed his attention to listening, i.e. heard the sound with consciousness (but without devotion); v. כַּוָּונָה. Ber. V, 1 היו שוהין … כדי שיְכַוְּונוּ לבם וכ׳ tarried a while before prayer, in order to direct their hearts to their Father in heaven. Y. ib. II, 5ᵃ חזקה כִּוֵּין the presumption is that he read with attention; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְכוּוָּן, f. מְכוּוָּנָה, מְכוּוֶּנֶת; pl. מְכוּוָּנִים, … נִין; מְכוּוָּנוֹת a) in a line, corresponding. Y. Kil. V, beg. 30ᵇ עריס המכ׳ a straight bed of vines, opp. מעוקם. Ib. מכ׳ הן they (the vines) are in a straight line. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᶜ top בית … מ׳ כנגד … של מעלן the situation of the earthly Holy of Holies corresponds with that of the heavenly &c. Macc. II, 5 ומכוונות להן דרכים (not … נת), v. supra. Ib. 9ᵇ ומכוונות היו כמין וכ׳ (Ms. M. ומכוונין הן) and they (the three towns on this side and those on the other side of the Jordan respectively) were in straight parallel lines like two rows in a vineyard; a. fr.—b) exact, precise. Toh. III, 1 sq. כביצה מ׳ exactly the quantity of an egg. Mikv. VII, 6; Ḥag. 19ᵃ; Gitt. 16ᵃ
- to put in proper position, to prepare; to hold ready, to designate. Bets. 2ᵇ (ref. to Ex. XVI, 5) חול מֵכִין לשבתוכ׳ a week day prepares for the Sabbath (that which has become ready for use on a week day may be used on the Sabbath), but a Holy Day does not prepare for the succeeding Sabbath, ואין שבת מֵכִינָה ליו"ט nor can the Sabbath prepare for a succeeding Holy Day, v. הֲכָנָה.—Meg. 12ᵇ (play on ממוכן, Esth. I, 14) כלום הֵכִינוּ וכ׳ have they (the Persians) arranged a table before thee?; Esth. R. to l. c. מי מֵכִין וכ׳ who arranges an altar &c.?; a. fr.—[Tosef. Maasr. I, 4 משיכינו ed. Zuck., Var. משייבינו, read: משיניצו.]—Part. pass. מוּכָן prepared, designated, ready. Bets. I, 2 עפר מ׳ מבעוד יום dust (for covering the blood) made ready a day before. Ib. אפר כירה מ׳ הוא ashes of the stove are considered ready (destined to be used for the purpose). Ib. III, 4 אין זה מן המ׳ this is not among the things designated for use on the Holy Day. Ib. IV, 6.—Meg. l. c. (play on ממוכן, v. supra) שמ׳ לפורענות he was ready for evil; a. fr. e.g. Exodus 16:5
- 1. to be made straight, to be remedied (cmp. תכן). Pesik. Zutr. l. c. אין אתם מִתְכַּוְּונִים אלא באור you (your crookedness) can be remedied only through fire; Sifré Deut. l. c. אין אתם הולכים אלא לאור; Yalk. Deut. l. c. הולכין אלא לאחור (corr. acc.).
- 2. to prepare one’s self. Y. Meg. I, 71ᶜ (ref. to הִכּוֹן, Am. IV, 12) הִתְכַּוֵּון לקראת וכ׳ put thyself in proper condition to meet thy God. e.g. Amos 4:12
- 3. to intend, propose. B. Kam. VIII, 1 עד שיהא מִתְכַּ יֵן unless he did it with malicious intent. Tosef. Naz. III, 10 לא נִתְכַּוַּונְתִּי אלא כמותה my intention was to be exactly like her (as to her vow). Ib. 14 מי שנ׳ לעלות וכ׳ if he who had the intention to eat the flesh of swine &c.; v. עָלָה. Sabb. 22ᵃ ובלבד שלא יִתְכַּוֵּין וכ׳ provided he has not the intention of making a groove.—Bets. 23ᵃ, a. fr. דבר שאינו מִתְכַּ׳ a forbidden act which was produced without intent, i.e. an unintended but unavoidable effect of a permitted act. R. Hash. 28ᵇ. Pes. 53ᵇ, a. fr. שניהם … נִתְכַּוְּונוּ both meant the same thing; a. fr.
- to establish, base firmly. Ex. R. s. 15 מבקש לְכוֹנֵן עולמים wanted to establish worlds. Ib. על אלו אני מְכוֹנֵן וכ׳ upon those (the patriarchs) I will establish the world.—Part. pass. מְכוֹנָן, f. מְבוֹנֶנֶת. Midr. Sam. ch. XVI (ref. to הכינני, I Kings II, 24) בזכות התורה המ׳ בארון (the world exists) for the sake of the Law that is put up straight in the holy Ark. e.g. 1 Kings 2:24
כּוּן ²
- ; Pa. כַּוֵּון
- 1. to direct, aim, draw a direct line. Targ. Y. Num. XXII, 23. Targ. Num. XXXIV, 7, sq. (h. text תאה). Targ. Y. Deut. X, 5 וכוונית (h. text פנה). Ib. XIX, 3 (h. text תכין, v. preced.); a. e.
- 2. to draw a parallel, compare. Targ. Is. XLVI, 5 (h. text תמשילני).
- 3. (with דעתא, or sub. דעתא) to direct the mind, to pay attention; to do a thing intentionally. Targ. Y. Num. XI, 1 מכ׳ והגיאן ביש intentionally speaking evil.—Ber. 17ᵇ לא מצי לְכַוּוּנֵי דעתיה he cannot collect his mind (for prayer). Ib. 30ᵇ מעיקרא לא כ׳ וכ׳ the first time he read without attention. Ḥull. 31ᵃ דלא קָמְכַוֵּין (or קָמִכַּוֵּין Ithpa.) when he had no intention whatever (to cut); a. fr.—Part. pass. מְכַוַּון a) directed towards, corresponding. Targ. Ez. I, 9. Targ. Ex. XXVI, 5; a. fr.—b) straight, firm, upright. Targ. Job XXI, 8 מְכַוְּונִין Bxt. (Ms. מְכַוְּונַן; ed. מכוין, מְכַוַּון, corr. acc.; h. text נכון). Targ. Ps. LI, 12. Ib. LVII, 8 (ed. Wil. מכוֵן, corr. acc.); a. fr.—Yoma 28ᵇ לא מְכַוְּונֵי Ms. M. (ed. לא מ׳ טובא) the Temple walls were not exactly straight (the lower portions being thicker than the upper); [Ms. M. 2 משום דמכווני because the walls were exactly built in correspondence with the points of the compass]. Y. Snh. IV, beg. 22ᵃ; III, 21ᶜ top [read:] כד הוא חמי סהדו מכַוְּונָא … הכן והכן מְכַוֵּון when he found evidences (of two) exactly corresponding, he cross-examined; but when he found them turning hither and thither (differing in details), he tried to harmonize (allowing for errors in time &c., v. חֲקִירָה).
- , כַּוֵּין …
- 1. to place one’s self, to stand. Targ. Ps. CI, 7.
- 2. to be precise in doing. Ib. XC, 12 מן יִתְכַּ׳ להודע ed. Lag. (oth. ed. כן, corr. acc.) who can exactly make known? (h. text כן הודע). Targ. Y. Lev. XIII, 12.
- 3. to be trained, to be in the habit of. Targ. Y. Num. XXII, 30 (h. text הסכן).
- 4. to intend, mean. Ib. XXX, 5 ויתכ׳ וישתוק and keeps silence intentionally. Targ. Y. Deut. XIX, 4; a. e.—Ḥull. 95ᵃ דאיכ׳ לצעורי׳ וכ׳ who meant to vex his neighbor. Ib. 31ᵃ מִיכַּוֵּין לשום חתיכה had the intention merely to cut (not to slaughter according to the ritual, v. זְבִיחָה). Ib. מה כלים דלא מִיכַּוְּונֵי וכ׳ as vessels (lifeless things) which have no thought &c.; a. e.
- to be prepared, ready (מוּכָן, v. preced.). Ib. 14ᵃ כיון דלא א׳ וכ׳ because it was not prepared (designated for use) yesterday.—V. תכן.
כֵּוָן
- , v. sub כֵּיוָ׳.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 2 distinct written forms H3561 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| כַּוָּנִ֜ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute | Jeremiah 7:18 | 1 |
| כַּוָּנִים֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute | Jeremiah 44:19 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3561, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
- יכין Yâkîyn H3199 Jachin
- יכניה Yᵉkonyâh H3204 Jeconiah
- כון Kûwn H3560 Chun
- כונניהו Kôwnanyâhûw H3562 Cononiah
- כיון Kîyûwn H3594 Chiun
- נכון Nâkôwn H5225 Nachon
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 11 — not the complete family. 6 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 2 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 2 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
