στυγνάζω
to be sad
‘to be sad’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
See every Aorist-tense verb in the Greek New Testament →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Tense
- Aorist
- Action viewed as a simple whole, without regard to duration — often past (perfective aspect).
- Present
- Ongoing or general action in present time (imperfective aspect).
Voice
- Active
- The subject performs the action.
Mood
- Participle
- A verbal adjective (“writing,” “having written”).
Case
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Verb, Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine 1 time (50%)
- Verb, Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine 1 time (50%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (Robinson–Tischendorf, public domain), counted across 2 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where G4768 appears — 2 distinct verses across 2 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Matthew 1 verse
Mark 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“to be sad” is the headline sense of the Greek verb στυγναζω (stygnázō). The Greek New Testament uses it only 2 verses. It clusters heavily in Matthew, which alone accounts for 50% of its uses. Scripture first uses it in Matthew 16:3. Catalogued under 2 senses, its meaning is not single-sense. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G4768 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 2
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 2 distinct verses.
- 2 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 2 of 27 New Testament books.
- #2,678
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Greek words (rank 2,678 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 2 occurrences in the concordance →
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 2 distinct verses.
- Gospels 2 verses · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: He was sad 1×, Lowring 1×
- American Standard Version: Countenance fell 1×, Lowering 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Overcast 1×, Was saddened 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Being overcast 1×, Having become downcast 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G4768 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G4768 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G4768 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G4768 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Senses in Thayer's
The 2 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- to be sad, sorrowful
- metaph. of the sky covered with clouds
Word origin
Derived from στυγνητος (stygnētós) (G4767) — detestable.
From the same as G4767 ; to render gloomy that is (by implication) glower ( be overcast with clouds or sombreness of speech): - lower be sad.
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Forms in the corpus
The 2 distinct written forms G4768 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that tense’s occurrences in the concordance.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| στυγνάζων stygnázōn | Verb, Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine | Matthew 16:3 | 1 |
| στυγνάσας stygnásas | Verb, Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine | Mark 10:22 | 1 |
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word στυγναζω appears 3 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 3 verses in 1 book.
- 3
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 3
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Ezekiel 27:35 στυγνάζω
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G4768) appears in the Greek Septuagint. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Ezekiel 27:35 στυγνάζω All the inhabitants of the isles are astonished at you, and their kings are horribly afraid; they are troubled in their face.
- Ezekiel 28:19 στυγνάζω All those who know you among the peoples shall be astonished at you: you are become a terror, and you shall nevermore have any being.
- Ezekiel 32:10 στυγνάζω Yes, I will make many peoples amazed at you, and their kings shall be horribly afraid for you, when I shall brandish my sword before them; and they shall tremble at every moment, every man for his own life, in the day of your fall.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G4768) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
