Leviticus 22:12

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Leviticus 22:12 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Leviticus 22:12 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/leviticus/22/12.

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English Translation
If a priest's daughter is married to an outsider, she shall not eat of the heave offering of the holy things.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    If a priest's daughter is married to an outsider, she shall not eat of the heave offering of the holy things.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And a daughter of a priest, when she becomes the wife of a stranger, she herself may not eat the contribution of the holy things.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    If a priest's daughter is married to an outsider, she shall not eat of the heave offering of the holy things.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    If the priest’s daughter is married to a man other than a priest, she is not to eat of the sacred contributions.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    If the priest’s daughter is married to a man other than a priest, she is not to eat of the sacred contributions.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And if a priest's daughter be married unto a stranger, she shall not eat of the heave-offering of the holy things.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And if a priest’s daughter be married unto a stranger, she shall not eat of the heave offering of the holy things.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    If the Priests daughter also be maried vnto a stranger, she may not eate of the holy offrings.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    If the daughter of a priest be married to any of the people, she shall not eat of those things that are sanctified, nor of the firstfruits.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    `And a priest's daughter, when she is a strange man's, -- she, of the heave-offering of the holy things doth not eat;
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And a priest’s daughter, when she is a strange man’s, she does not eat of the raised-offering of the holy things;
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    If a priest's daughter married someone who is not a priest, she may not eat any of the holy contribution offerings.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And a daughter of a priest, when she becomes the wife of a stranger, she herself may not eat the contribution of the holy things.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And a priest's daughter who is [married] to a stranger may not eat of the heave-offering of the holy things.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    If a priest’s daughter is married to an outsider, she shall not eat of the heave offering of the holy things.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    If the priest's daughter also shall be married to a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    If the priest's daughter gets married to a man who isn't a priest, she is not allowed to eat the holy offerings.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And if the daughter of a priest is married to an outside person she may not take of the holy things which are lifted up as offerings.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And if a priest's daughter be married unto a common man, she shall not eat of that which is set apart from the holy things.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת
tᵉrûwmâh
H8641
“in/at · offering of”
Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct
Part of Speech
Preposition + Noun
Type
Common
Gender
Feminine
Number
Singular
State
Construct
Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H7311

TWOT: 2133i

contribution, offering - a heave offering - any offering - an offering to God - an offering (of grain, money, etc) - contribution
  1. וּבַת bath H1323 “and · daughter of” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct
  2. כֹּהֵ֔ן kôhên H3548 “priest” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  3. כִּ֥י kîy H3588 “that” Conjunction
  4. תִהְיֶ֖ה hâyâh H1961 “to be” Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
  5. לְאִ֣ישׁ ʼîysh H376 “to/for · man” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  6. זָ֑ר zûwr H2114 “strange” Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  7. הִ֕וא hûwʼ H1931 “he” Pronoun, Personal, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
  8. הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים qôdesh H6944 “the · holy things” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  9. לֹ֥א lôʼ H3808 “not” Particle, Negative
  10. תֹאכֵֽל ʼâkal H398 “to eat” Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

11
words
11
distinct lemmas
Pentateuch
section

Grammatical profile

  • 2 verbs
  • 5 nouns
  • 1 adjective
  • 1 pronoun
  • 1 conjunction
  • 1 particle

Verb forms

  • תִהְיֶ֖ה Qal · Imperfect
  • תֹאכֵֽל Qal · Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 21 words from the Hebrew and 21 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 11 Hebrew tokens and 15 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

2

Topical passages linked to Leviticus 22:12 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Leviticus 21:3 and for his virgin sister who is near to him, who has had no husband; for her he may defile himself.
  • Isaiah 40:13 Who has directed the Spirit of Yahweh, or being his counselor has taught him?

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Leviticus 22:12 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וּבַת כֹּהֵ֔ן כִּ֥י תִהְיֶ֖ה לְאִ֣ישׁ זָ֑ר הִ֕וא בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽל

If a priest's daughter is married to an outsider, she shall not eat of the heave offering of the holy things.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Leviticus 22:12 Septuagint · lemma form

καί θυγάτηρ ἄνθρωπος ἱερεύς ἐάν γίγνομαι ἀνήρ ἀλλογενής αὐτός ὁ ἀπαρχή ὁ ἅγιος οὐ ἐσθίω

And if the daughter of a priest should marry a stranger, she shall not eat of the offerings of the sanctuary.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

2

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    וּבַת כָּהֵן אֲרֵי תְהִי לִגְבַר חִלוֹנָי הִיא בְּאַפְרָשׁוּת קוּדְשַׁיָא לָא תֵיכוּל

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

  2. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    וּבְרַת כּהֵן אֲרוּם תְּהֵי מִתְנַסְבָא לִגְבַר חִילוֹנֵי הִיא בְּאַפְרָשׁוּת קוּדְשַׁיָא לָא תֵיכוּל

    And the daughter of a priest, if she be married to a man a stranger, may not eat of things set apart by consecration.

    Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Leviticus 22:12 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Lev 22:12 If the priest’s daughter also be [married] unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.

Ver. 12. Unto a stranger.] That is not a priest, or of the family of the priests.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Joseph Benson's Commentary

Lev 22:12. If the priest’s daughter be married to a stranger — To one of another family, who is no priest. Yet the priest’s wife, though of another family, might eat. The reason of which difference is, because the wife passeth into the name, state, and privileges of her husband, from whom the family is denominated.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

Who is not of the Priest’s kindred.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(12) If the priest’s daughter also be married.—Better, And if the priest’s daughter be married, By marrying a Hebrew of non-Aaronic descent, and thus leaving her paternal home, the daughter of the priest ceased to be part of the family circle, and lost her right to partake of the holy things. Her bread came from her husband, and she could therefore no longer partake of the priest’s bread. During the second Temple the term “stranger” in this verse was also interpreted to include a man who ought to be a stranger to her, and hence it was enacted that if the priest’s daughter had gone astray with a stranger (see Lev_21:7; Lev_21:9), she is for ever forbidden to eat of the holy food.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

12. a stranger] i.e. not a priest. By her marriage she has become a member of a non-priestly family, and thus her rights have lapsed. Cp. Lev_21:3.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

If the priest's daughter also be married to a stranger,.... Not to an Heathen, but to any Israelite, that is, a common man, or a layman, as the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan, one that is not a priest; but is married either to a Levite, or an Israelite, as Jarchi:

she may not eat of an offering of the holy things; the heave shoulder or wave breast, &c. being removed into another family by marriage, she is not reckoned of her father's family, and so had no more a right to eat of the holy things.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

A stranger - One of another family.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Unto a stranger, i.e. to one of another family, who is no priest. Yet the priest’s wife, though of another family, might eat. The reason of which difference is, because the with passeth into the name, state, and privileges of her husband, from whom the family is denominated and esteemed.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

12. Married unto a stranger — As above, the stranger is a non-Levite. The daughter of the priest, in this case, passes from a priestly into a common family, where she remains if she has children, even though a widow or divorced. If the family is broken up, and she is left childless, it becomes the duty of her father to support her as if she had remained a virgin. Since the daughter of a priest was not an heiress of landed estates, her marriage with a non-Levite is not prohibited by Num_36:8, which applies only to heiresses.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

A stranger - To one of another family, who is no priest. Yet the priest's wife, though of another family, might eat. The reason of which difference is, because the wife passeth into the name, state and privileges of her husband, from whom the family is denominated.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

the holy contribution offerings

The word "contribution" can be translated with a verbal phrase. AT: "the holy offerings which people have contributed" (See: Abstract Nouns)

translationWords

priest

holy

sacrifice

divorce

life

house

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

לאיש זר TO A LAYMAN — to a Levite or an ordinary Israelite (i. e. to any non-priest) (Sifra, Emor, Section 5 7).

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Leviticus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 11 words (11 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is tᵉrûwmâh (“offering”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “offering” (tᵉrûwmâh) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. How does Leviticus 21:3, which shares this passage’s theme, read alongside this verse?
  3. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  4. «תִהְיֶ֖ה» is a Qal Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  5. Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Joseph Benson's Commentary read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

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