Ezra 8:2

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom. Of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel. Of the sons of David, Hattush.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Word by word

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חַטּֽוּשׁ

Chaṭṭûwsh

H2407

“Hattush”

Noun, Proper

Appears 5× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at 1 Chronicles 3:22

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from an unused root of uncertain signification

TWOT: None

Hattush = "assembled" - a descendant of David, apparently one of the sons of Shechaniah, in the 4th or 5th generation from Zerubbabel - a man who returned with Ezra; maybe same as 1 above - a man who returned with Zerubbabel; maybe same as 1 above - son of Hashabniah who helped repair the walls of Jerusalem with Nehemiah

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

9: words
7: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is חַטּֽוּשׁ Hattush H2407 — appearing just 5 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

חַטּֽוּשׁ Hattush H2407 occurs in 5 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

9 nouns

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

מִבְּנֵ֤י son H1121 ×3

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 18 words from the Hebrew and 18 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 9 Hebrew tokens and 12 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Ezra 8:2 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

1 Chronicles 3:22 The sons of Shecaniah: Shemaiah. The sons of Shemaiah: Hattush, and Igal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six.
1 Chronicles 3:1 Now these were the sons of David, who were born to him in Hebron: the firstborn, Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second, Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess;
1 Chronicles 6:3–15 The children of Amram: Aaron, and Moses, and Miriam. The sons of Aaron: Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
1 Chronicles 24:1–6 Thes were the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron: Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Ezra 8:2 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

מִבְּנֵ֤י פִֽינְחָס֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם מִבְּנֵ֥י אִיתָמָ֖ר דָּנִיֵּ֑אל מִבְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖יד חַטּֽוּשׁ

Of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom. Of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel. Of the sons of David, Hattush.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Ezra 8:2 Septuagint · lemma form

ἀπό υἱός φινεες γηρσωμ ἀπό υἱός ιθαμαρ δανιηλ ἀπό υἱός δαυίδ ατους

Of the sons of Phinees; Gerson: of the sons of Ithamar; Daniel: of the sons of David; Attus.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

In the Septuagint this is one book — Esdras B (2 Esdras): Ezra is chapters 1–10, Nehemiah 11–23.

On this verse, Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on Ezra 8:2 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Ezr 8:2 Of the sons of Phinehas; Gershom: of the sons of Ithamar; Daniel: of the sons of David; Hattush.

Ver. 2. Of the sons of Phinehas] The son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, that renowned zealot, with whom, and his seed after him, God gave a covenant of peace, even the covenant of an everlasting priesthood, Num 25:12-13.

Daniel] Not the prophet Daniel, God’s darling, Dan 9:23, but another of the same name, which might be some help to him.

Of the sons of David] sc. Of David the king. See 1Ch 3:22.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Punctuate as follows:

Ezr 8:2. ... of the sons of David, Hattush of the sons of Shechaniah.

Ezr 8:3. Of the sons of Pharosh, Zechariah ....

Hattush, the descendant of David, was the grandson of Shechaniah (see marginal reference).

Most of these names Ezr 8:2-14 occur also as those of heads of families in the list of the Jews who returned with Zerubbabel Ezr 2:3-15. The Septuagint and Syriac versions supply omissions in Ezr 8:5, Ezr 8:10.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Joseph Benson's Commentary

Ezr 8:2. Of the sons of Phinehas — of Ithamar — By the sons, he means the families of these two persons, two of which he particularly names, those of Gershom and Daniel: not Daniel the prophet, but some eminent person of Ithamar’s line.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 2. Gershom] One of the descendants of Phinehas, son of Eliazar.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(2, 3) According to 1Ch_3:22, Huttush was a descendant of David, and grandson of Shechaniab. The difficulty of the text therefore may probably be best solved by punctuating thus: “Of the sons of David. Hattush of the sons of Shechaniab. Of the sons of Pharosh, Zechariah.”

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

2. The Priestly and Royal houses. The numbers from these houses are not given. They are placed in a position of honour at the head of the list.

Of the sons of Phinehas; Gershom] R.V. Of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom. The punctuation is corrected throughout 2–14.

The family of Phinehas (son of Eleazar, son of Aaron) is represented by Gershom. To his ‘house’ Ezra must have belonged (cf. Ezr_7:1-5).

Daniel] represented the line or family of Ithamar, Aaron’s younger son, and gave his name to a house (see Neh_10:6). His name appears as Gamael in 1Es_8:29. From this mention of “the sons of Ithamar we gather that the priesthood was not, as Ezekiel required (Eze_43:19, Eze_45:15) limited to the line of Zadok.

That Gershom and Daniel were not the only two priests, but heads of two ‘fathers’ houses’, is shown by Ezr_8:24.

of the sons of David; Hattush] According to 1Ch_3:22, the words “Of the sons of Shechaniah” (Ezr_8:3) belong to the genealogy of Hattush. “And the sons of Shechaniah (query, Zerubbabel’s grandson); Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; Hattush and Igal.” Hattush was therefore the grandson of Shechaniah, and (?) the great-great-grandson of Zerubbabel. The line of David was represented by the house of Shechaniah, which was represented by Hattush.

1Es_8:29 has “Of the sons of David, Lettus the son of Sechenias”, which in conjunction with the rest of the list seems to show that our text should run “Of the sons of David, Hattush, the son of Shechaniah”. This Hattush of the lineage of David must therefore not be confounded with the priest of the same name mentioned Neh_10:4; Neh_12:2.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Of the sons of Phinehas; Gershom: of the sons of Ithamar; Daniel,.... Not Daniel the prophet, he was of the royal blood, and of the tribe of Judah; this was a priest, a descendant of Ithamar, as Gershom was of Eleazar in the line of Phinehas:

of the sons of David; Hattush; perhaps the same with him in Ch1 3:22, who was a descendant of David the king; these three men seem to have come alone without any of their families, at least they are not mentioned, nor their numbers given, as the rest that follow be.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Hattus. He was of the royal family, (Haydock) as the former were descendants of the two sons of Aaron. (Calmet) --- The great numbers which were persuaded to return from Babylon, signify the conversions made by holy preachers. (Ven. Bede) (Worthington)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

2. Phinehas, the grandson, and Ithamar, the son of Aaron were represented by a body of descendants whose number is not here given, for Gershom and Daniel were evidently not the only priests that went up with Ezra. In Ezr_8:24 mention is made of twelve of the chief priests who were set apart to take charge of the vessels and other freewill offerings to be carried up to Jerusalem, and these priests must have been descendants of either Phinehas or Ithamar. Hence we understand that the Gershom and Daniel here named were representatives of these ancient priestly houses, and were accompanied by many others of the same genealogy. Possibly the number has fallen out of the text. It is here worthy of remark that, notwithstanding the curse pronounced on the house of Eli, (1Sa_2:33-36,) descendants of Ithamar still remained.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Ezra, in the Historical, opens this verse with 9 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Chaṭṭûwsh (“Hattush”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Hattush” (Chaṭṭûwsh) shape what this verse is saying?
1 Chronicles 3:22 shares the word «Hattush» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“son” occurs 3× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 9 Hebrew ↔ 12 Greek words.
“son” occurs 3× in this single verse.
7 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 9 words in this verse.