Exodus 38:16

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

All the hangings around the court were of fine twined linen.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

Septuagint runs longer here — compare

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מָשְׁזָֽר

shâzar

H7806

“twisted”

Verb, Hophal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute

Appears 21× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Exodus 26:1

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 2358

to twist, be twisted - (Hophal) - to be twisted - twisted (participle)

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

6: words
6: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is מָשְׁזָֽר to twist H7806 — appearing just 21 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

מָשְׁזָֽר to twist H7806 occurs in 21 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

1 verb
4 nouns
1 adjective

Verb forms

מָשְׁזָֽר Hophal · Participle Passive

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 11 words from the Hebrew and 44 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 44 words vs World English Bible 11. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Exodus 38:16 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

כָּל קַלְעֵ֧י הֶחָצֵ֛ר סָבִ֖יב שֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר

All the hangings around the court were of fine twined linen.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Exodus 38:16 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ὁ λαμπάδιον αὐτός ὅς εἰμί ἐπί ὁ ἄκρος καρυωτός ἐκ αὐτός καί ὁ ἐνθέμιον ἐκ αὐτός ἵνα εἰμί ἐπί αὐτός ὁ λύχνος καί ὁ ἐνθέμιον ὁ ἕβδομος ἀπό ἄκρος ὁ λαμπάδιον ἐπί ὁ κορυφή ἄνωθεν στερεός ὅλος χρυσοῦς

And as to their lamps, which are on the ends, knops proceeded from them; and sockets proceeding from them, that the lamps might be upon them; and the seventh socket, on the top of the candlestick, on the summit above, entirely of solid gold.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

כָּל סְרָדֵי דְדַרְתָּא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר דְבוּץ שְׁזִיר:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

כָּל וִילַוֵי דָרְתָא חֲזוֹר חֲזוֹר דְּבוּץ שְׁזִיר

All the curtains of the court round about were of fine linen twined.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Exodus 38:16 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

16. of fine twined linen] Cf. Exo_27:18, towards the end.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Exodus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 6 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is shâzar (“to twist”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “to twist” (shâzar) shape what this verse is saying?
Exodus 26:1 shares the word «to twist» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
Compared with the Hebrew, the Septuagint runs longer here. What questions does that raise?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
The verb «מָשְׁזָֽר» is Hophal Participle Passive. How does its form color the action?
Reading how The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges and Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 9 words in this verse.
6 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.