2 Samuel 2:28

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 2 Samuel 2:28 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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2 Samuel 2:28 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/2-samuel/2/28.

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English Translation
So Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    So Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Then Joab blew on the shofar, and all of the people stood, and they did not still pursue after Israel, and they did not still continue to fight.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    So Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    So Joab blew the ram’s horn, and all the troops stopped; they no longer pursued Israel or continued to fight.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    So Joab blew the ram’s horn, and all the troops stopped; they no longer pursued Israel or continued to fight.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    So Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    So Joab blew the trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    So Ioab blew a trumpet, and all the people stoode still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    Then Joab sounded the trumpet, and all the army stood still, and did not pursue after Israel any farther, nor fight any more.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And Joab bloweth with a trumpet, and all the people stand still, and pursue no more after Israel, nor have they added any more to fight.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Joab blows with a horn, and all the people stand still, and no longer pursue after Israel, nor have they added to fight anymore.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    So Joab blew the trumpet, and all his men stopped and did not pursue Israel anymore, nor did they fight anymore.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Then Joab blew on the shofar, and all of the people stood, and they did not still pursue after Israel, and they did not still continue to fight.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And Joab blew the trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither did they fight any more.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    So Joab blew the shofar; and all the people stood still and pursued Israel no more, and they fought no more.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued Israel no more, neither fought they any more.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Joab blew the horn so all the men stopped—they didn't continue chasing or fighting the Israelites.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    So Joab had a horn sounded, and all the people came to a stop, and gave up going after Israel and fighting them.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    So Joab blew the horn, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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וַיִּתְקַ֤ע
tâqaʻ
H8628
“and · to blow”
Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
Part of Speech
Conjunction + Verb
Stem
Qal
Form
Sequential Imperfect
Person
3rd Person
Gender
Masculine
Number
Singular
Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 2541

to blow, clap, strike, sound, thrust, give a blow, blast - (Qal) - to thrust, drive (of weapon) - to give a blast, give a blow - to strike or clap hands - (Niphal) - to be blown, blast (of horn) - to strike or pledge oneself
  1. יוֹאָב֙ Yôwʼâb H3097 “Joab” Noun, Proper
  2. בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר shôwphâr H7782 “in/at the · horn” Preposition, Determined + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  3. וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ ʻâmad H5975 “and · to stand” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
  4. כָּל kôl H3605 “all of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  5. הָעָ֔ם ʻam H5971 “the · people” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  6. וְלֹֽא lôʼ H3808 “and · not” Conjunction + Particle, Negative
  7. יִרְדְּפ֥וּ râdaph H7291 “to pursue” Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
  8. ע֖וֹד ʻôwd H5750 “still” Adverb
  9. אַחֲרֵ֣י ʼachar H310 “after” Preposition
  10. יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 “Israel” Noun, Proper
  11. וְלֹֽא lôʼ H3808 “and · not” Conjunction + Particle, Negative
  12. יָסְפ֥וּ yâçaph H3254 “to add” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural
  13. ע֖וֹד ʻôwd H5750 “still” Adverb
  14. לְהִלָּחֵֽם lâcham H3898 “to fight” Preposition + Verb, Niphal, Infinitive Construct

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

15
words
13
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Grammatical profile

  • 5 verbs
  • 5 nouns
  • 1 preposition
  • 2 adverbs
  • 2 particles

Verb forms

  • וַיִּתְקַ֤ע Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • יִרְדְּפ֥וּ Qal · Imperfect
  • יָסְפ֥וּ Qal · Perfect
  • לְהִלָּחֵֽם Niphal · Infinitive Construct

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • ע֖וֹד still H5750 ×2
  • וְלֹֽא not H3808 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 22 words from the Hebrew and 22 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 15 Hebrew tokens and 22 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Samuel 2:28 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ כָּל הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא יִרְדְּפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא יָסְפ֥וּ ע֖וֹד לְהִלָּחֵֽם

So Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Samuel 2:28 Septuagint · lemma form

καί σαλπίζω ιωαβ ὁ σάλπιγξ καί ἀποἵστημι πᾶς ὁ λαός καί οὐ καταδιώκω ὀπίσω ὁ ἰσραήλ καί οὐ προςτίθημι ἔτι ὁ πολεμέω

And Joab sounded the trumpet, and all the people departed, and did not pursue after Israel, and did not fight any longer.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וּתְקַע יוֹאָב בְּשׁוֹפָרָא וְקָמוּ כָּל עַמָא וְלָא רְדָפוּ עוֹד בָּתַר יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא אוֹסִיפוּ עוֹד לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Samuel 2:28 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Sa 2:28 So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

Ver. 28. So Joab blew a trumpet.] After that Abner had first excused unto him the killing of his brother Asahel, as saith Josephus.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Biblical Illustrator

Joseph S. Exell

2Sa_2:28

Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him.

Death comes unawares

Observe here--

1. How death often comes upon us by ways that we least suspect. Who would fear the hand of a flying enemy, or the butt end of a spear? yet from these Asahel receives his death wound.

2. See how we are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of. Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no kindness, but forwarded his fate; and with it he ran upon his death, instead of running from it. (M. Henry.)

The Biblical Illustrator, edited by Joseph S. Exell (c. 1880s–1900s) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Joseph Benson's Commentary

2Sa 2:28-29. So Joab blew a trumpet — Caused a retreat to be sounded. Neither fought they any more — Neither at that time, nor probably at any other, in a pitched battle. And Abner and his men walked all that night — He made the best of his way to Jordan; crossed it, and rested nowhere until he came to Mahanaim, that he might get out of the reach of David’s forces.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

2:28 The ram’s horn signaled the beginning and end of combat (see also 18:16; Josh 6:15-16). For other uses of the ram’s horn, see study note on 2 Sam 6:15.

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(28) Neither fought they any more—i.e., in this present campaign. In 2Sa_3:1, it is said that “there was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David.”

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

28. neither fought they any more] For the time being only. It was not the final end of the war, which lasted for a long time afterwards (ch. 2Sa_3:1).

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

So Joab blew a trumpet,.... Or caused one to be blown as a signal of a retreat:

and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more; as soon as they heard the trumpet sound, the meaning of which they understood, they stepped at once, and left off their pursuit:

neither fought they any more; that day, and perhaps no pitched battle afterwards; for none we read of, though the war continued after this a long time, and there might be often skirmishes, which greatly weakened Abner's party. See Sa2 3:1.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Trumpet. It was not dishonourable for a general to do this himself, chap. xviii. 16. But among the Hebrews, the priests generally performed this office. (Calmet)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Either, first, at that time; or rather, secondly, in any pitched battle.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

blew the trumpet

Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances. (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

did not pursue Israel

Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. AT: "did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers" (See: Synecdoche)

Arabah ... Mahanaim

These are the names of places. (See: How to Translate Names)

translationWords

Joab

trumpet

Israel

Abner

Arabah

Jordan River

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 15 words (13 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is tâqaʻ (“to blow”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. The word tâqaʻ carries the sense “to blow.” How does it shape the verse?
  2. What does the repetition of “still” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  3. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  4. «וַיִּתְקַ֤ע» is a Qal Sequential Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  5. Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and The Biblical Illustrator read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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