שָׂדַד
to harrow
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Piel
- An intensive or resultative active stem.
Form
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H7702 appears in the Book of Isaiah — 1 distinct verse. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Isaiah
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“to harrow” is the headline sense of the Hebrew verb שדד (sâdad). It occurs a mere 3 verses across Scripture. More than a third of its appearances fall in Job. Scripture first uses it in Job 39:10. See the sense tree, 3-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7702 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 3
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 3 distinct verses.
- 3 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 3 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #4,179
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 4,179 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 3 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 3 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 2 verses · 67%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 33%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Break the clods 1×, Or will he harrow 1×, Shall break his clods 1×
- American Standard Version: Harrow 1×, Or will he harrow 1×, Shall break his clods 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Harrow 1×, Will break the hard ground 1×, Will he plow 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Will harrow 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7702 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7702 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7702 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7702 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- (Piel) to harrow
Word origin
[ שָׂדַד ] vb. Pi. harrow
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
שָׁדַד
- (b. h.) to overpower, rob. Pesik. R. s. 26 יבואו השׁוֹדְדִים וִישַׁדְּדוּ אותה let the plunderers come and plunder her; Yalk. Jer. 262 יבואו השונאים וִישׁוֹדְדוּ בה (not בהם).
- same, v. supra.
- to be robbed. Gen. R. s. 75 (ref. to Ps. XII, 6) ואימתי אני לכשאראה עניים נִשְׁדָּדִים וכ׳ (not לכשתראה) when do I rise? When I see the poor robbed and the needy in anguish; Yalk. Ps. 625; Yalk. Zech. 569. e.g. Psalms 12:6
שְׁדַד
- , v. שְׁדֵי
שָׂדַד
- to join, arrange, direct.
- to harrow. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XXVIII; Yalk. Gen. 76 וִישַׂדְּדוּ, v. פָּתַח. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XII לחרש ולְשַׂדֵּד וכ׳ to plough and harrow the ground.
שְׂדַד
- Pa. שַׂדֵּד same. Targ. Job XXXIX, 10 (ed. Wil. יְשַׁ׳).
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 3 distinct written forms H7702 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| וִֽ/ישַׂדֵּ֖ד | Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Isaiah 28:24 | 1 |
| יְשַׂדֵּ֖ד | Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Job 39:10 | 1 |
| יְשַׂדֶּד | Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Hosea 10:11 | 1 |
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 3 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 3 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
