מִקְשָׁה
hammered work
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H4749 appears — 9 distinct verses across 3 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Exodus 6 verses
- Exodus 25:18 מִקְשָׁה֙ n c fs You shall make two cherubim of hammered gold. You shall make them at the two ends of the mercy seat.
- Exodus 25:31 מִקְשָׁ֞ה n c fs "You shall make a lampstand of pure gold. Of hammered work shall the lampstand be made, even its base, its shaft, its cups, its buds, and its flowers, shall be of one piece with it.
- Exodus 25:36 מִקְשָׁ֥ה n c fs Their buds and their branches shall be of one piece with it, the whole of it one beaten work of pure gold.
- Exodus 37:7 מִקְשָׁה֙ n c fs He made two cherubim of gold. He made them of beaten work them, at the two ends of the mercy seat;
- Exodus 37:17 מִקְשָׁ֞ה n c fs He made the lampstand of pure gold. He made the lampstand of beaten work. Its base, its shaft, its cups, its buds, and its flowers were of one piece with it.
- Exodus 37:22 מִקְשָׁ֥ה n c fs Their buds and their branches were of one piece with it. The whole thing was one beaten work of pure gold.
Numbers 2 verses
- Numbers 8:4 מִקְשָׁ֣ה מִקְשָׁ֣ה n c fs n c fs This was the workmanship of the lampstand, beaten work of gold. From its base to its flowers, it was beaten work: according to the pattern which Yahweh had shown Moses, so he made the lampstand.
- Numbers 10:2 מִקְשָׁ֖ה n c fs Make you two trumpets of silver; of beaten work shall you make them: and you shall use them for the calling of the congregation, and for the journeying of the camps.
Jeremiah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, מקשה (miqshâh) means “hammered work.” Its uses cluster heavily in Exodus (67% of all occurrences). Spanning 9 verses in 3 books, it ranks among the uncommon words of the Hebrew Bible. Scripture first uses it in Exodus 25:18. The King James Version usually renders it “beaten work,” while modern versions prefer “hammered” (Berean Standard Bible) and “hammered work” (unfoldingWord Literal Text) — see the renderings breakdown. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4749 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 9
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 9 distinct verses.
- 3 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 3 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,342
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,342 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 9 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 9 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 8 verses · 89%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 1 verse · 11%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Beaten work 5×
- American Standard Version†: Beaten work 5×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Hammered 7×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Hammered work 6×, Hammered work of 3×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4749 across 10† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 5 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4749 across 10† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 5 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4749 across 8† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4749 across 10† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 0 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
מקשה I place, field, of cucumbers, Is 1
מקשה II perhaps hammered work, only of metals (orig. turner’s work?)
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
III. n.f. place, field, of cucumbers, Is 1:8; so Je 10:5 Gf Gie al. (cf. Baruch 6:70).
IV. n.f. perhaps hammered work, only of metals (orig. turner’s work?);—abs. מ׳, of cherubim in tabern. Ex 25:18; 37:7, lamp-stand 25:31, 36; 37:17, 22 Nu 8:4(×2), clarions 10:2.—i. מ׳ v. קשׁא.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from מקשה (miqsheh) (H4748) — turned work.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
מִקְשָׁה
- (b. h.; = מקשאה,, v. קִשּׁוּאִים) cucumber field, in gen. truck-farm. Tosef. Ter. I, 4; Y. ib. I, 40ᵇ bot. Tosef. B. Mets. IX, 32; a. e. (v. also מוּקְשֶׁה).—Pl. מִקְשָׁאוֹת, מִקְשָׁיוֹת, מִקְשָׁאִין. Shebi. II, 1 ליטע במ׳ (Ms. M. מקשות, corr. acc.; Maim. מקשיות), v. מִדְלַעַת.—In gen. מ׳ ומדלעות late vegetables or fruits. Pes. 6ᵇ. Erub. 104ᵃ מִקְשָׁאָיו ומִדְלָעָיו ed. Sonc. (Ms. O. ודלעיו; Ms. M. מקשאיו ומדלעיו, ed. only ודלעיו) (who guards) his late fruits; a. e.—[Sabb. 90ᵇ מקשה של חזיר, read: מִקָּשֶׁה. v. קָשֶׁה.]
מַקְשֶׁה
- , disputant, undecided. Hor. 14ᵃ חריף ומ׳ quick but undecided, opp. to מתון ומסיק slow but coming to a conclusion.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 5 distinct written forms H4749 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| מִקְשָׁ֥ה | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Exodus 25:36 | 3 |
| מִקְשָׁ֞ה | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Exodus 25:31 | 2 |
| מִקְשָׁ֣ה | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Numbers 8:4 | 2 |
| מִקְשָׁה֙ | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Exodus 25:18 | 2 |
| מִקְשָׁ֖ה | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Numbers 10:2 | 1 |
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 7 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 9 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
