יָשֵׁן
Jashen
BDB lists 2 entries for ‘Jashen’ fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Proper
- A name of a specific person, place, or people (e.g. Abraham, Zion, Israel).
Every verse where H3464 appears — 1 distinct verse across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
2 Samuel 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“Jashen” is the headline sense of the Hebrew name ישן (Yâshên). It occurs a mere 1 verse across Scripture. It clusters heavily in 2 Samuel, which alone accounts for 100% of its uses. A true hapax — its single appearance is 2 Samuel 23:32. See 1-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3464 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1 distinct verse.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #6,101
- by frequency
- Rank #6,101 (rank 6,101 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 1 occurrence in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- 2 Samuel 1 verse 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1 distinct verse.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 1 verse · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 3 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Jashen 1×
- American Standard Version†: Jashen 1×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Jashen 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Jashen 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3464 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3464 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3464 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3464 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 3 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
ישן I sleep (NH id.
Qal
- Pf. יָשַׁנְתִּי Jb 3:13; וְיָֽשְׁנוּ consec. Je 51:39 + 2 times; Impf. יִישָׁ֑ן Is 5:27 ψ 121:4; וַיִּישַׁן 1 K 19:5, etc.; Inf. cstr. לִישׁוֹן Ec 5:11;—sleep, go to sleep, and be asleep, Gn 2:21 (J), 41:5 (E), Ez 34:25; Jb 3:13 ψ 3:6; 4:9; Pr 4:16; Ec 5:11, also 2 S 4:6 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu, vid. חֹמֶשׁ; c. לֹא, of Assyrian army Is 5:27 (‖ נוּם); of Baal 1 K 19:5; of י׳, עוּרָה לָמָּה תִישַׁן אֲדֹנָי ψ 44:24; לֹא יִישָׁ֑ן 121:4 (‖ נוּם); c. acc. cogn. ישׁ׳ שְׁנַת עוֹלָם Je 51:39, 57 (v. שֵׁנָה), of death, cf. אִישַׁן הַמָּוֶת ψ 13:4. e.g. Job 3:13
Niphal
- . only in deriv. sense of become inactive or stationary; Pf. וְנוֹשַׁנְתֶּם consec. Dt 4:25 and ye be grown old בָּאָרֶץ, i.e. (v. Di Dr) have lost freshness of first impressions; of inanimate things, be old, stale, only Pt. יָשָׁן נוֹשָׁן Lv 26:10 (H), f. צרעת נוֹשֶׁנֶת Lv 13:11 = old leprosy (P); these poss. denom. from יָשָׁן. e.g. Deuteronomy 4:25
Piel
- . causat. Impf. וַתְּיַשְּׁנֵהוּ Ju 16:19 and she made him sleep. e.g. Judges 16:19
ישן II sleeping
ישן III m. one of David’s heroes, 2 S 23
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. vb. sleep (NH id.; Aramaic n. ܫܶܢܬܳܐ sleep; Arabic وَسِنَ be sleepy, وَسَنٌ, سِنَةٌ sleep; Assyrian šittu, sleep, DlHWB 246, šunatu, šuttu, dream, Id ib, Flood iv. 22 AsrbAnnals, v R. 2, 97)—
II. adj. sleeping;—ms. יָשֵׁן 1 S 26:7 + 3 times, fs. יְשֵׁנָה 1 K 3:20; Ct 5:2; pl. יְשֵׁנִים 1 S 26:12 Ct 7:10; cstr. יְשֵׁנֵי Dn 12:2;—asleep, sleeping 1 S 26:7, 12 1 K 3:20 Ct 5:2; 7:10; so, fig., Ho 7:6, expl. as = יֶעְשַׁן smoketh, cf. Dt 29:19, by RSJPhil. xvi. 1888, 72; Proph. iv, n. 19 Che with אַפְּהֶם (Ges§ 91. 1. R. 1 a) for אֹפֵהֶם; but their anger sleepeth; of Baal 1 K 18:27; in sim. of י׳ ψ 78:65; of dead, as sleeping in dust, Dn 12:2.
III. n.pr.m. one of David’s heroes, 2 S 23:32 = הָשֵׁם 1 Ch 11:34 (in both del. בְּנֵי as dittogr., We Dr Bu); v. הָשֵׁם, and גוּנִי.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from ישן (yâshên) (H3463) — sleeping.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
יָשֵׁן I
- [to recover strength, cmp. חָלַם,] to sleep, trnsf. to be idle, lazy. Shebu. III, 5 (I swear) שאִישַׁן that I will sleep, שיָשַׁנְתִּי that I have slept. Num. R. s. 20 בא לִישָׁן going to sleep.—Cant. R. to III, 1 ישנתי לי מן התירה וכ׳ I (Israel) have been lazy in the study of the Law and the performance of good deeds; a. fr.
יָשֵׁן II
- preced.) asleep, inactive. Midr. Till. to Ps. LIX הקב"ה עושה עצמו כביכול י׳ the Lord sometimes pretends, if it were permitted to say so, to be asleep; a. fr.—Pl. יְשֵׁנִים, יְשֵׁנִין, יְשֵי׳. Num. R. s. 20 הרי הן י׳ מן וכ׳ they are sluggish in study &c., v. preced. Cant. R. to VII, 10 י׳ במערת וכ׳ sleeping in the cave of Makhpelah. Ex. R. s. 1; a. fr.—Fem. יְשֵׁנָה, יְשֵׁי׳. Midr. Till. to Ps. CX, beg. (ref. to Is. XLI, 2) הצדקה היתה י׳ וכ׳ Righteousness was asleep and Abraham waked her up. Cant. R. to V, 2 אני י׳ מן וכ׳ I (Israel) was lazy &c., v. supra; a. fr. e.g. Isaiah 41:2
יָשַׁן
- cmp. preced. wds. a. to be strong, hard, old (cmp. קשיש).—V. יוֹשֶׁן a. next w.
- to let grow old (strong), keep, reserve. B. Bath. 91ᵇ דברים שדרכן ליַישְּׁנָן things which it is customary to keep (to store, as wine &c.). Deut. R. s. 9, beg. מן היין הזה אני מְיַישֵּׁן וכ׳ of this wine I will store away a portion for my son’s wedding. Tosef. Ab. Zar. VIII (IX), 3 צריך ליַשֵּׁן he must store them away (leave them unused); Tosef. Toh. XI, 16. Ib. כמה הוא מְיַשְּׁנָן, v. יִשּׁוּן; Y. Ab. Zar. V, end 45ᵇ מְיַישְּׁנָן כל י"ב וכ׳ he must leave them unused for the whole twelve-month; Bab. Ab. Zar. 75ᵃ.—Part. pass. מְיוּשָּׁן stored up, v. infra. Y. B. Bath. VII, end, 15ᶜ. Y. Gitt. III, end, 45ᵇ ‘old’ means last year’s crop, מי׳ של וכ׳ ‘stored’ means three years old.
- to be stored up, to improve with age. Sifra B’huck. ch. III; Yalk. Lev. 672 (ref. to ישן נושן, Lev. XXVI, 10) כל המִתְיַשֵּׁן יפה מחבירו the sort which is stored up is the better of its kind; B. Bath. l. c. [read with Ms. R.:] כל המְיוּשָּׁן יפה מחבירו. Y. Gitt. l. c. הדא אמרה דאי מתישן וכ׳ this intimates that if wine is sold as mithyashshen (fit for storage) the seller is responsible for three years. Sifra l. c. לרבות כל המִתְיַישְּׁנִים including all produces fit for storage (besides wine); Yalk. l. c. לרבות כל הדבר המיושן. e.g. Leviticus 26:10
- same. B. Bath. l. c.; a e., v. next w.
יָשָׁן
- preced.) hard, dry; old, of last year, opp. חָדָשׁ. Dem. IV, 7. B. Bath. 91ᵇ, a. e. expl. י׳ נוֹשָׁן (Lev. XXVI, 10), v. preced. Ab. IV, 20 קנקן חדש מלא י׳ a new vessel full of old wine (a young man but learned). Ab. Zar. III, 9 ואם י׳ וכ׳ and if the oven is old (dried) &c.; a. fr.—Pl. יְשָׁנִים. Ib. 33ᵃ י׳ ומזופפין old or pitched wine vessels. Yoma II, 4, v. חָדָשׁ. Lev. R. s. 2, v. חָדָשׁ; a. fr.—Fem. יְשָׁנָה. Kidd. IV, 5, Num. R. s. 9, v. אַרְכִי I.—Pl. יְשָׁנוֹת. Tosef. Ab. Zar. IV (V), 10 י׳ זפופות, v. supra; a. fr. e.g. Leviticus 26:10
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Bible dictionary
Public-domain dictionary articles matched to this entry by name (Jashen). A biblical name can be shared by more than one person or place, so an article may treat several.
Easton's Bible Dictionary · M. G. Easton, 1897
Sleeping, called also Hashem (1 Chr. 11:34); a person, several of whose sons were in David's body-guard (2 Sam. 23:32).
Smith's Bible Dictionary · William Smith, 1863
(sleeping). Bene-Jashen--"sons of Jashen"-- are named in the catalogue of the heroes of David's guard in (2 Samuel 23:32) (B.C. 1046.)
Classic public-domain reference works; full attribution on Sources.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 1 verse that also exists in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 1 Hebrew verse it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
