דָּכָה
to crush
also: be crushed, be contrite, be broken fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Niphal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”).
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘dub. and he is crushed’
- Piel
- An intensive or resultative active stem.
Form
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Verb, Piel, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular 2 times (33%)
- Verb, Niphal, Perfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular 1 time (17%)
- Verb, Niphal, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 1 time (17%)
- Verb, Qal, Sequential Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 1 time (17%)
- Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 1 time (17%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 6 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H1794 appears — 5 distinct verses across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Psalms 5 verses
- Psalms 10:10 ו/דכה יִדְכֶּ֥ה conj + Qal wpf 3ms Qal impf 3ms The helpless are crushed, they collapse, They fall under his strength.
- Psalms 38:8 וְ/נִדְכֵּ֣יתִי conj + Niphal pf 1cs I am faint and severely bruised. I have groaned by reason of the anguish of my heart.
- Psalms 44:19 דִ֭כִּיתָ/נוּ Piel pf 2ms + sfx pers 1cp Though you have crushed us in the haunt of jackals, And covered us with the shadow of death.
- Psalms 51:8 דִּכִּֽיתָ Piel pf 2ms Let me hear joy and gladness, That the bones which you have broken may rejoice.
- Psalms 51:17 וְ/נִדְכֶּ֑ה conj + Niphal ptcp.act ms The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. A broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, דכה (dâkâh) means “to crush.” With only 5 verses it sits in the long tail of Hebrew Bible vocabulary. Its uses cluster heavily in Psalms (100% of all occurrences). First canonically at Psalms 10:10, it enters the text early. As a verb its force shifts by stem, across 3 stems (Qal, Niphal, and more). Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H1794 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 5
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 5 distinct verses.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #3,040
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 3,040 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 5 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Psalms 5 verses 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 5 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 5 verses · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Broken 1×, Contrite 1×, He croucheth 1×
- American Standard Version: Bruised 1×, Contrite 1×, He croucheth 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Contrite 1×, Crushed 1×, They are crushed 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Crushed 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H1794 across 5 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H1794 across 5 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H1794 across 5 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H1794 across 5 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 3 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- dub. and he is crushed, or and he croucheth
Niphal
- . be crushed, broken; be contrite
Piel
- . crush down
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
[ דָּכָה ] vb. id. (only ψ);
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from דך (dak) (H1790) — crushed.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
דכי
- , Pi. דִּכָּה (Aramaism, v. next w.) to declare clean. Nidd. 25ᵃ לא דִכּוּ וכ׳ the scholars never declared clean &c.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 6 distinct written forms H1794 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| דִ֭כִּיתָ/נוּ | Verb, Piel, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 44:19 | 1 |
| דִּכִּֽיתָ | Verb, Piel, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 51:8 | 1 |
| ו/דכה | Verb, Qal, Sequential Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 10:10 | 1 |
| וְ/נִדְכֵּ֣יתִי | Verb, Niphal, Perfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular | Psalms 38:8 | 1 |
| וְ/נִדְכֶּ֑ה | Verb, Niphal, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 51:17 | 1 |
| יִדְכֶּ֥ה | Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 10:10 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H1794, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 2 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 5 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
