Leviticus 15:9

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Leviticus 15:9 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Leviticus 15:9 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/leviticus/15/9.

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English Translation
"'Whatever saddle he who has the discharge rides on shall be unclean.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    "'Whatever saddle he who has the discharge rides on shall be unclean.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And what saddle soever he rideth upon that hath the issue shall be unclean.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And any means of riding on which the flowing rides shall be unclean.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    "'Whatever saddle he who has the discharge rides on shall be unclean.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Any saddle on which the man with the discharge rides will be unclean.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Any saddle on which the man with the discharge rides will be unclean.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And what saddle soever he rideth upon that hath the issue shall be unclean.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And what saddle soever he that hath the issue rideth upon shall be unclean.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And what saddle soever he that hath the issue rideth upon shall be unclean.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And what saddle soeuer he rideth vpon, that hath the issue, shalbe vncleane,
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    The saddle on which he hath sitten shall be unclean.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    `And all the saddle on which he rideth who hath the issue is unclean;
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And all the saddle on which he who has the discharging rides is unclean;
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Any saddle which he who has a flow rides upon will be unclean.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And any means of riding on which the flowing rides shall be unclean.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And what carriage soever he rideth upon that hath the flux shall be unclean.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    “‘Whatever saddle he who has the discharge rides on shall be unclean.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And whatever saddle he rideth upon that hath the issue, shall be unclean.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Whatever the man sits on when he's riding will be unclean.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And any leather seat on a horse on which the unclean man has been seated will be unclean.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And what saddle soever he that hath the issue rideth upon shall be unclean.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

7
words
7
distinct lemmas
Pentateuch
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב chariot H4817 — appearing just 3 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב chariot H4817

Shared distinctive vocabulary

הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב chariot H4817 occurs in 3 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 3 verbs
  • 2 nouns
  • 1 preposition
  • 1 particle

Verb forms

  • יִרְכַּ֥ב Qal · Imperfect
  • הַזָּ֖ב Qal · Participle Active
  • יִטְמָֽא Qal · Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 12 words from the Hebrew and 19 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

1

Topical passages linked to Leviticus 15:9 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Genesis 31:34 Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel's saddle, and sat on them. Laban felt about all the tent, but didn't find them.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 19 words vs World English Bible 12. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Leviticus 15:9 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְכָל הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו הַזָּ֖ב יִטְמָֽא

"'Whatever saddle he who has the discharge rides on shall be unclean.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Leviticus 15:9 Septuagint · lemma form

καί πᾶς ἐπίσαγμα ὄνος ἐπί ὅς ἄν ἐπιβαίνω ἐπί αὐτός ὁ γονορρυής ἀκάθαρτος εἰμί ἕως ἑσπέρα

And every ass's saddle, on which the man with the issue shall have mounted, shall be unclean till evening.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

2

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    וְכָל מֶרְכְּבָא דִי יִרְכּוּב עֲלוֹהִי דוֹבָנָא יְהֵי מְסָאָב

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

  2. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    וְכָל זוֹנָא וּמֶרְכָּבָא דְיִרְכּוֹב עֲלוֹי דוֹבָנָא יְהֵי מְסָאָב וְכָל דְיִקְרַב בְּכָל מַאן דִיהֵי תְּחוֹתוֹי יְהֵי מְסָאָב עַד רַמְשָׁא

    And every girdle or saddle upon which he who hath an issue rideth shall be unclean.

    Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Leviticus 15:9 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

The word signifieth everything whereon a man rideth.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

what saddle . . . he rideth upon that hath the issue shall be unclean--(See on Gen 31:34).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9) And what saddle soever.—Better, and any carriage. The word here translated “saddle” only occurs twice more: viz., 1Ki_5:6 in Hebrew, or Lev_4:26 in English, where it is rendered “chariot” in the Authorised Version, and in Son_3:10, where it is translated “covering” but where it manifestly denotes the seat inside the palanquin. With the feminine termination the word in question occurs no less than forty-four times, and is invariably translated in the Authorised Version “chariot.” What kind of vehicle the masculine form of the expression in question denotes in the three passages in which it occurs must be decided from the context. In Kings, the horses which are used in connection with it show that it was a carriage drawn by animals. In Canticles it is a vehicle, or the essential part of it, carried by men, and this is the kind of vehicle meant in the passage before us. It is the well-known palanquin so largely used in the East.

Shall be unclean.—The conveyance used is to be unclean, and hence, is not to be used by any one else. It will be seen that the present text does not say how long the vehicle is to be defiled, though in every other instance the time is fixed. (See Lev_15:5-11.) There can, therefore, hardly be any doubt that the reading in the LXX., which has here until evening, is the original one, and that the words have dropped out of the Hebrew text.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

9. saddle] any seat in a carriage or other kind of conveyance is included.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And what saddle soever he sitteth upon that hath the issue,.... When he rides upon any beast, horse, ass, or camel, whatever is put upon the creature, and he sits upon it, the saddle, and whatever appertains to it, the housing and girdle:

shall be unclean; and not fit for another to use, but be defiling to him, as follows.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

9. Saddle — The original word signifies any thing on which to ride. In

1Ki_4:26, it is translated chariots; in Son_3:10, covering. It occurs only in these places.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

The conveyance in which such a man rode was also unclean, as well as everything under him; and whoever touched them was defiled till the evening, and the person who carried them was to wash his clothes and bathe himself.

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

וכל המרכב AND ANYTHING FOR RIDING — even though he has not sat upon it when riding, e. g. the hold in front of the saddle, which is called arcon in old French, becomes unclean as a part of something for riding on (משום מרכב), and the אוכף, saddle, which is called alves in old French, is unclean as being something to sit upon (משום מושב) (Eruvin 27a).

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Leviticus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 7 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is merkâb (“chariot”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. The word merkâb carries the sense “chariot.” How does it shape the verse?
  2. This is the first place “chariot” appears in Scripture (first appears here). What does its debut here establish?
  3. How does 1 Kings 4:26, which shares the word «chariot», read alongside this verse?
  4. The Septuagint runs longer here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
  5. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  6. «יִרְכַּ֥ב» is a Qal Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  7. Compare how Geneva Bible (1599) and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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