Judges 1:30

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Judges 1:30 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Judges 1:30 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/judges/1/30.

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English Translation
Zebulun didn't drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
  • 1 first appearance in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Zebulun didn't drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Zebulun did not dispossess the dwellers of Kitron or the dwellers of Nahalol, so the Canaanite dwelled in his midst. But they became forced labor.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Zebulun didn't drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    Zebulun drove not out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became subject to taskwork.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    Zebulun drave not out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributary.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Neither did Zebulun expell the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol, but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    Zabulon destroyed not the inhabitants of Cetron, and Naalol: but the Chanaanite dwelt among them, and became their tributaries.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    Zebulun hath not dispossessed the inhabitants of Kitron, and the inhabitants of Nahalol, and the Canaanite dwelleth in its midst, and they become tributary.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Zebulun has not dispossessed the inhabitants of Kitron, and the inhabitants of Nahalol, and the Canaanite dwells in its midst, and they become forced labor.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Zebulun did not drive out the people living in Kitron, or the people living in Nahalol, and so the Canaanites continued to live among them, but Zebulun forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Zebulun did not dispossess the dwellers of Kitron or the dwellers of Nahalol, so the Canaanite dwelled in his midst. But they became forced labor.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    Zeb'ulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, or the inhabitants of Na'halol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became subject to forced labor.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Zebulun didn’t drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    Neither did Zebulun expel the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Zebulun didn't drive out the people living in the towns of Kitron and Nahalol, so the Canaanites went on living there among them. However, the Canaanites were made to do forced labor for the people of Zebulun.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    Zebulun did not make the people of Kitron or the people of Nahalol go out; but the Canaanites went on living among them and were put to forced work.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    Zebulun drove not out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributary.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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קִטְר֔וֹן
Qiṭrôwn
H7003
“Kitron”
Noun, Proper
Part of Speech
Noun
Type
Proper
Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H6999

TWOT: None

Kitron = "incense" - a town in Zebulun
  1. זְבוּלֻ֗ן Zᵉbûwlûwn H2074 “Zebulun” Noun, Proper
  2. לֹ֤א lôʼ H3808 “not” Particle, Negative
  3. הוֹרִישׁ֙ yârash H3423 “to inherit” Verb, Hiphil, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  4. אֶת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
  5. יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י yâshab H3427 “dwelling” Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  6. וְאֶת ʼêth H853 “and · -” Conjunction + Particle, Direct Object
  7. יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י yâshab H3427 “dwelling” Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  8. נַהֲלֹ֑ל Nahălâl H5096 “Nahalal” Noun, Proper
  9. וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב yâshab H3427 “and · to dwell” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  10. הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ Kᵉnaʻanîy H3669 “the · Canaanite” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Gentilic, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  11. בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ qereb H7130 “in/at · midst · his” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  12. וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ hâyâh H1961 “and · to be” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
  13. לָמַֽס maç H4522 “to/for · forced labor” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

14
words
11
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

  • קִטְר֔וֹן Kitron H7003

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • קִטְר֔וֹן Kitron H7003

Shared distinctive vocabulary

נַהֲלֹ֑ל Nahalal H5096 occurs in 3 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 5 verbs
  • 6 nouns
  • 3 particles

Verb forms

  • הוֹרִישׁ֙ Hiphil · Perfect
  • יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י Qal · Participle Active
  • יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י Qal · Participle Active
  • וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י to dwell H3427 ×3

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 25 words from the Hebrew and 29 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 14 Hebrew tokens and 23 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

1

Topical passages linked to Judges 1:30 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Joshua 19:15 and Kattath, and Nahalal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Judges 1:30 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

זְבוּלֻ֗ן לֹ֤א הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י קִטְר֔וֹן וְאֶת יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י נַהֲלֹ֑ל וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ לָמַֽס

Zebulun didn't drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Judges 1:30 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ζαβουλων οὐ ἐκαἴρω ὁ καταοἰκέω κεδρων οὐδέ ὁ καταοἰκέω δωμανα καί καταοἰκέω ὁ χαναναῖος ἐν μέσος αὐτός καί γίγνομαι αὐτός εἰς φόρος

And Zabulon did not drive out the inhabitants of Kedron, nor the inhabitants of Domana: and the Chananite lived in the midst of them, and became tributary to them.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    דְּבֵית זְבוּלוּן לָא תָרִיכוּ יַת יַתְבֵי קִטְרוֹן וְיַת יַתְבֵי נַהֲלֹל וִיתִבוּ כְנַעֲנָאֵי בֵּינֵיהוֹן וַהֲווֹ לְמַסְקֵי מִסִין:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Judges 1:30 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

That is, the tribe of Zebulun as is also to be understood of the rest.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 30. Neither did Zebulun drive out] See on Jos 19:10-15.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(30) Neither did Zebulun.—See Jos_19:10-16. Nothing is known of the towns here mentioned. It is remarkable that Issachar is not mentioned, but it may perhaps be accounted for by the condition of contented subjection in which this tribe “bowed his shoulder to the yoke” (Gen_49:14-15).

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

30. Zebulun] settled N.W. of the Great Plain, in Lower Galilee, between Asher and Issachar; see Jdg_5:14, Gen_49:13.

Kitron … Nahalol] In Jos_19:15 Kattath … Nahalal; ib. Jos_21:34 f. Kartah … Nahalal; the sites are unknown.

30–33. The Northern tribes settle among the Canaanites

We may conclude from this narrative that the northern tribes entered the country after Judah and Ephraim (so Jos_18:2-10 JE), and independently of them. Zebulun, Asher, Naphtali, were not strong enough to make any conquests; they could only settle among the older population; and the northern district remained, probably for centuries, only partially Israelite, ‘Galilee of the Gentiles,’ ‘the heathen territory’ (Isa_9:1). In Jdg_1:27-30 the Canaanites dwell in the midst of Manasseh, Ephraim, Zebulun; in Jdg_1:31-33 Asher and Naphtali dwell in the midst of the Canaanites. According to P in Jos_19:10 ff. the cities which are said here to have remained Canaanite belong to the three tribes.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol,.... The first of these seems to be the same with Kattah or Kartah, and the latter with Nahalal, both cities given to the Levites, Jos 19:15; which perhaps was the reason of their sloth in driving them out; though it aggravated their sin not to take care to rid those cities of the Canaanites, which were given to religious persons:

but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries; which is observed so far in their favour, that they exerted themselves to make them tributaries, which was more than was done by some others.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

30. Kitron and Nahalol are both of unknown situation.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

Zebulun did not drive out

Here "Zebulun" represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: Metonymy)

Kitron ... Nahalol

These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: How to Translate Names)

but Zebulun forced

Here "Zebulun" represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: Metonymy)

hard labor

"difficult labor"

translationWords

Zebulun

cast out

life

Canaan

servant

labor

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Judges, in the Historical, opens this verse with 14 words (11 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Qiṭrôwn (“Kitron”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “Kitron” (Qiṭrôwn) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. This verse holds 1 word here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare word draw attention to?
  3. The word “Kitron” first appears here in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
  4. Joshua 19:15 shares the word «Nahalal» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  5. “to dwell” occurs 3× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
  6. The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
  7. The verb «הוֹרִישׁ֙» is Hiphil Perfect. How does its form color the action?
  8. Reading how Geneva Bible (1599) and Adam Clarke's Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

  • 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
  • 1 word makes its first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
  • This verse counts 14 Hebrew ↔ 23 Greek words.
  • These translations choose different wording for 19 words in this verse.
  • “to dwell” occurs 3× in this single verse.

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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