Joshua 15:44

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Joshua 15:44 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
Download image
Cite this verse

Joshua 15:44 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/joshua/15/44.

Show BibTeX & RIS
BibTeX
RIS
English Translation
and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 3 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
Full analysis ↓
Download a study sheet

One document with this verse’s original text, its word-by-word gloss line, the meaning frame, cross-references with their text, attributed commentary, and full source and license credits — printable, and it pastes into notes with its structure intact.

This verse Autodidact and up

Study sheet (.html) Plain text (.txt)

A passage Seminary Student

Up to 50 verses in one chapter. A passage sheet keeps up to 6 commentary sources and 12 cross-references per verse, in the order this page ranks them, and says so on the sheet whenever that leaves anything out. Ask for a single verse and you get the Autodidact verse sheet above.

Everything on this page stays free to read, with no account — the sheet is a download of what is already on screen, not access to it.

Want to remove ads? Support Godless Engineer
Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages:
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Keilah and Akzib and Maresha: nine cities and their villages;

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah—nine cities, along with their villages.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah—nine cities, along with their villages.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages:
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And Keilah, and Aczib, and Mareshah: nine cities with their villages.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And Ceila and Achzib and Maresa: nine cities, and their villages.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities and their villages.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities and their villages.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Keilah, Akzib, Mareshah. These were nine cities, including their villages.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Keilah and Akzib and Maresha: nine cities and their villages;
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah: nine cities and their hamlets.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages:
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Keilah, Aczib, and Mareshah—nine towns with their associated villages.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine towns with their unwalled places.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

More ways to search: Search by grammar → Find every occurrence → Compare this word →

Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

6
words
6
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וְאַכְזִ֖יב Achzib H392 — appearing just 4 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • וּקְעִילָ֥ה Keilah H7084
  • וְאַכְזִ֖יב Achzib H392
  • וּמָֽרֵאשָׁ֑ה Mareshah H4762

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וְאַכְזִ֖יב Achzib H392 occurs in 4 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 5 nouns
  • 1 adjective

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 11 words from the Hebrew and 15 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

3

Topical passages linked to Joshua 15:44 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Genesis 38:5 She yet again bore a son, and named him Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bore him.
  • 1 Samuel 23:1–14 They told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah, and are robbing the threshing floors.
  • Micah 1:14–15 Therefore you will give a parting gift to Moresheth-gath. The houses of Achzib will be a deceitful thing to the kings of Israel.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Joshua 15:44 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וּקְעִילָ֥ה וְאַכְזִ֖יב וּמָֽרֵאשָׁ֑ה עָרִ֥ים תֵּ֖שַׁע וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן

and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Joshua 15:44 Septuagint · lemma form

καί κεϊλαμ καί ακιεζι καί κεζιβ καί βαθησαρ καί αιλων πόλις δέκα καί ὁ κώμη αὐτός

and Keilam, and Akiezi, and Kezib, and Bathesar, and Aelom: ten cities, and their villages;

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וּקְעִילָה וְאַכְזִיב וּמָרֵאשָׁה קִרְוִין תְּשַׁע וּפַצְחֵיהֶן:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Joshua 15:44 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 44. Keilah] This town was near Hebron, and is said to have been the burying-place of the prophet Habakkuk. David obliged the Philistines to raise the siege of it; (see 1Sa 23:1-13;) but finding that its inhabitants had purposed to deliver him into the hands of Saul, who was coming in pursuit of him, he made his escape. See this remarkable case explained in the note on De 32:15.

Mareshah] Called also Maresheth and Marasthi; it was the birth-place of the prophet Micah. Near this place was the famous battle between Asa, king of Judah, and Zera, king of Cush or Ethiopia, who was at the head of one thousand thousand men, and three hundred chariots. Asa defeated this immense host and took much spoil, 2Ch 14:9-15.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(44) Of the nine towns in Jos_15:42-44, Conder identifies five.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Ashdod with her towns and, her villages, Gaza with her towns and her villages,.... Gaza was another of the principalities of the Philistines, of which See Gill on Amo 1:7; See Gill on Zep 2:4; See Gill on Act 8:26; these, with the two other principalities not mentioned, Gath and Ashkelon, were in the western border of the tribe of Judah, which reached from Ekron, the first that is mentioned:

unto the river of Egypt; of which see Jos 15:4,

and the great sea, and the border thereof; the Mediterranean sea, called so in comparison of the lesser seas in Judea, the salt sea, and the sea of Tiberias; whose border was its shore, and the cities upon it, and not the isles in the sea, as Jarchi.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Ceila, which David took from the Philistines, and were he was nearly betrayed into the hands of Saul, 1 Kings xxiii. Habacuc was buried here, on the road between Eleutheropolis and Hebron.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

44. Keilah was a walled town not far from Nezib. Its inhabitants were delivered from the oppression of the Philistines by David and his men, who afterwards for a time settled in the town. 1Sa_23:1-13. “Eight Roman miles from the ancient Eleutheropolis, on the way to Hebron, is a large ruined tower or castle called Kela. It stands on a projecting cliff on the right bank of Wady-el-Feranj. There can be little doubt that this is the long lost Keilah.” — Porter. [Achzib is probably identical with Chezib, (Gen_38:5,) now Kusaba, fifteen miles southwest of Beit-jibrin. Mareshah is supposed by Robinson and Tobler to be the ruins called Marash, one mile and a half south of Beit-jibrin, on a gently-swelling hill leading down from the mountains to the great western plain. The ruins are not extensive, but Robinson thinks they were used in building the neighbouring Eleutheropolis.]

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Mareshah. One of Rehoboam"s fortified cities. (2Ch_11:8) Here Asa met Zerah the Ethiopian, or Cushite, and overthrew him. (2Ch_14:9) Here lived the prophet who foretold the destruction of Jehoshaphat"s navy. (also 2Ch_20:37. See Mic_1:15) How Marash, close to Beit-Jibrin or Eleutheropolis (Tristram, Conder). If it be the same as Moresheth-Gath in Mic_1:14, this adds additional probability to the identification of Gath with Beit-Jibrin. (see note on Jos_13:3)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Joshua, in the Historical, opens this verse with 6 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼAkzîyb (“Achzib”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “Achzib” (ʼAkzîyb) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. 3 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
  3. Joshua 19:29 shares the word «Achzib» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  4. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  5. Reading how Adam Clarke's Commentary and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

  • 3 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
  • These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
  • 6 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.