Joshua 15:42

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

2 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible

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Word by word

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וָעֶ֖תֶר

ʻEther

H6281

“and · Ether”

Conjunction + Noun, Proper

Appears 2× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H6280

TWOT: None

Ether = "abundant" - a town in the lowlands of Judah allotted to Simeon

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

3: words
3: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וָעֶ֖תֶר Ether H6281 — appearing just 2 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

וָעֶ֖תֶר Ether H6281
וְעָשָֽׁן Ashan H6228

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וָעֶ֖תֶר Ether H6281 occurs in 2 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Joshua 19:7

Grammatical profile

3 nouns

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 5 words from the Hebrew and 5 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 3 Hebrew tokens and 3 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Joshua 15:42 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Joshua 10:29 Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, to Libnah, and fought against Libnah:
Joshua 12:15 the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;
Joshua 19:7 Ain, Rimmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities with their villages:
2 Kings 8:22 So Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah to this day. Then did Libnah revolt at the same time.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Joshua 15:42 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

לִבְנָ֥ה וָעֶ֖תֶר וְעָשָֽׁן

Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Joshua 15:42 Septuagint · lemma form

λεμνα καί ιθακ

Lebna, and Ithac, and Anoch,

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

לִבְנָה וָעֶתֶר וְעָשָׁן:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Joshua 15:42 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 42. Libnah] See Clarke on Jos 10:29.

Ether] From Jos 19:7 we learn that this city was afterwards given to the tribe of Simeon.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

42. Libnah] Group III. consists of the places in the southern part of the hill region, and includes nine cities:—

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And Keilah,.... The first of these is a well known city, which David saved from the hands of the Philistines, Sa1 23:1, &c. In Jerom's time it was a little village to the east of Eleutheropolis, about eight miles from it, as you go to Hebron; in which was shown the sepulchre of the Prophet Habakkuk (b).

And Achzib is said to be on the borders of Asher, Jos 19:29, and is supposed the same with Chezib, Gen 38:5; and the Ecdippa of Josephus and others, and now called Zib; See Gill on Mic 1:14,

and Mareshah; Jerom says (c), only the ruins of it were to be seen two miles from Eleutheropolis:

nine cities with their villages; which is just their number.

(b) De loc. Heb. fol. 90. A. (c) lbid. fol. 93. E.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Libnah, Heb. Libnah. See Jos 10:29

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

42. The third group lay southeast of the second. On Libnah, see Jos_10:29.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

Connecting Statement:

The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: How to Translate Names)

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Joshua, in the Historical, opens this verse with 3 words (3 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʻEther (“Ether”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Ether” (ʻEther) shape what this verse is saying?
2 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
Joshua 19:7 shares the word «Ether» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
Reading how Adam Clarke's Commentary and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

2 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 3 Hebrew ↔ 3 Greek words.
3 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 3 words in this verse.