Genesis 25:15

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

5 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
Septuagint runs longer here — compare

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Word by word

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חֲדַ֣ד

Chădad

H2301

“Hadad”

Noun, Proper

Appears 2× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H2300

TWOT: None

Hadad = "mighty" - a son of Ishmael

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

5: words
5: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is חֲדַ֣ד Hadad H2301 — appearing just 2 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

חֲדַ֣ד Hadad H2301
וְתֵימָ֔א Tema H8485
יְט֥וּר Jetur H3195
נָפִ֖ישׁ Naphish H5305
וָקֵֽדְמָה Kedemah H6929

Shared distinctive vocabulary

חֲדַ֣ד Hadad H2301 occurs in 2 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

1 Chronicles 1:30

Grammatical profile

5 nouns

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 6 words from the Hebrew and 10 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Genesis 25:15 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

1 Chronicles 5:19 They made war with the Hagrites, with Jetur, and Naphish, and Nodab.
Job 2:11 Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that had come on him, they each came from his own place: Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite, and they made an appointment together to come to sympathize with him and to comfort him.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 10 words vs World English Bible 6. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Genesis 25:15 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

חֲדַ֣ד וְתֵימָ֔א יְט֥וּר נָפִ֖ישׁ וָקֵֽדְמָה

Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Genesis 25:15 Septuagint · lemma form

καί χοδδαδ καί θαιμαν καί ιετουρ καί ναφες καί κεδμα

and Choddan, and Thaeman, and Jetur, and Naphes, and Kedma.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, The Pulpit Commentary discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

חֲדַד וְתֵימָא יְטוּר נָפִישׁ וָקֵדְמָה

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

חֲרִיפָא וְתֵימָא יְטוּר נָפִישׁ וָקֵדְמָה

and Sharpness: and Tema, Yetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Genesis 25:15 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Gen 25:15 Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah:

Ver. 15. Naphish, and Kedemah.] Twelve in all, princes of their tribes, as was promised. {Gen 17:20} See, saith one, {a} here, what God can do for a poor boy sent out with a bottle of water on his back. God "setteth the solitary in families"; {Psa 68:6} "he raiseth the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set him among princes," &c. {1Sa 2:8}

{a} B. Babington.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 15. Hadar] This name should be read Hadad as in 1Ch 1:30. This reading is supported by more than three hundred MSS., versions, and printed editions. See Clarke on Ge 25:18.

Tema] Supposed to be a place in Arabia Deserta, the same of which Job speaks, Job 6:19.

Jetur] From whom came the Itureans, who occupied a small tract of country beyond Jordan, which was afterwards possessed by the half-tribe of Manasseh.

Naphish] These are evidently the same people mentioned 1Ch 5:19, who, with the Itureans and the people of Nadab, assisted the Hagarenes against the Israelites, but were overcome by the two tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

Kedemah] Probably the descendants of this person dwelt at Kedemoth, a place mentioned De 2:26. I wish the reader to observe, that concerning those ancient tribes mentioned here or elsewhere in the Pentateuch little is known; nor of their places of settlement have we more certain information. On this subject many learned men have toiled hard with but little fruit of their labour. Those who wish to enter into discussions of this nature must consult Bochart's Geographia Sacra, Calmet, &c.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

15. Hadad] The name of a Syrian god; cf. Hadad (1Ki_11:14) and Ben-hadad (1Ki_20:1 ff.). It occurs again Gen_36:35; Gen_36:39.

Tema] A famous locality—modern Teima—on the trade-route between Syria and Yemen = S. Arabia, mentioned in Isa_21:14; Job_6:19.

Jetur] Mentioned along with Naphish in 1Ch_5:19. Jetur has usually been identified with the people known as the Ituraeans, who dwelt in the anti-Lebanon district. In the Roman period they were particularly famous as archers.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Hadar and Tema,.... From the first of these the city Adra in Arabia Petraea, and from the other the city Themma in Arabia Deserta, both mentioned by Ptolemy (r), may be thought to have their names; or the city Adari and the Athritae in Arabia Felix (s); and the inhabitants of the land of Tema are mentioned as Arabians, Isa 21:13; and Pliny (t) speaks of a people called Thimaneans, whom he says the ancients joined to the Nabathaeans: the troops of Tema mentioned in Job were of this people, Job 6:19; and Eliphaz the Temanite, Job 2:11, is thought by some not to be the descendant of Teman the grandson of Esau, but to be of this man's people and country. The three last sons follow:

Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah; the two first of these are reckoned among the Hagarites, as the Ishmaelites were sometimes called, Ch1 5:19; from Jetur came the Itureans, whom Pliny (u) places in Coelesyria; and their country Iturea is reckoned by Strabo (w) along with Arabia; and the Ithyreans with Virgil (x) are famous for their bows, as Ishmael and his posterity were for archery in all ages, and still are; see Gill on Gen 21:20. As for the posterity of Naphish and Kedomah, we have no account elsewhere, nor any traces of their names, unless those of the latter should be meant by the men of the east, or the men of Kedem, Jer 49:28, which is not improbable, since they are mentioned with the posterity of Kedar the second son of Ishmael; and the Nubaeans by Lebanon may be from Naphish.

(r) Geograph. l. 5. c. 17, 19. (s) Ibid. l. 6. c. 7. (t) Nat. Hist. l. 6. c. 28. (u) Nat. Hist. l. 5. c. 23. (w) Geograph. l. 16. p. 520. (x) Georgic. l. 2. ver. 448.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Tema gave his name to the city and country of Tema, or Teman, Job 2:11; 6:19; Jer 25:23.

Jetur, the father of the Itureans, as may be gathered from 1Ch 5:19.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Hadar, (Gesenius); Ha"dad; (1Ch_1:30, LXX, Samaritan, and most MSS.) though Gesenius regards Hadar as probably the true reading in both places; identified with a tribe in Yemen (Gesenius); between Oman and Bahrein, a district renowned for its lancers (Keil)and Tema, (Gesenius); Qaiman (LXX); the Qemoi, on the Persian Gulf, or the tribe Bann Teim, in Hamasa (Knobel); a trading people (Job_6:19; Isa_21:14; Jer_25:23) Jetur, (Gesenius); the Itureans (Gesenius, Kalisch, Keil)Naphish, "Breathing" (Murphy); "Refreshment" (Gesenius); not yet identifiedand Kedemah (Gesenius); unknown.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Genesis, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 5 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Chădad (“Hadad”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Hadad” (Chădad) shape what this verse is saying?
5 words make their first appearance in Scripture here. What does this debut establish?
How does 1 Chronicles 1:30, which shares the word «Hadad», read alongside this verse?
The Septuagint runs longer here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Adam Clarke's Commentary read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

5 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
5 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 5 words in this verse.