2 Samuel 23:36

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

1 first appearance in the Hebrew Bible
Septuagint runs longer here — compare

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Word by word

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יִגְאָ֤ל

Yigʼâl

H3008

“Igal”

Noun, Proper

Appears 3× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Numbers 13:7

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H1350

TWOT: None

Igal or Igeal = "He redeems" - son of Joseph and a spy from the tribe of Issachar - son of Nathan of Zobah, one of David's mighty warriors - a son of Shemaiah and descendant of Zerubbabel

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

6: words
6: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is יִגְאָ֤ל Igal H3008 — appearing just 3 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

בָּנִ֖י Bani H1137

Shared distinctive vocabulary

יִגְאָ֤ל Igal H3008 occurs in 3 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

6 nouns

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 10 words from the Hebrew and 17 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 6 Hebrew tokens and 7 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 2 Samuel 23:36 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

2 Samuel 8:3 David struck also Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his dominion at the River.
1 Chronicles 11:38 Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Hagri,

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 17 words vs World English Bible 10. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Samuel 23:36 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

יִגְאָ֤ל בֶּן נָתָן֙ מִצֹּבָ֔ה בָּנִ֖י הַגָּדִֽי

Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Samuel 23:36 Septuagint · lemma form

ιγααλ υἱός ναθαν ἀπό δύναμις υἱός γαδδι

Gaal the son of Nathana. The son of much valour, the son of Galaaddi. Elie the Ammanite.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

יִגְאָל בַּר נָתָן דְמִצוֹבָה בָּנִי מִשֵׁבֶט גָד:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Samuel 23:36 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(36) Igal.—Chronicles has Joel. The two names differ in Hebrew only in one letter, and that a very similar one; but he is described here as the son of Nathan of Zobah, in Chronicles as the brother of Nathan. Brother is in Hebrew ahi, and some MSS. in Chronicles read the son of Ahinathan. If this be accepted, the only difference would be in the form of a name, Nathan or Ahinathan.

Bani the Gadite.—In Chronicles Mibhar the son of Haggeri. Entirely unlike as these readings appear, they are not so very different in the original. Mibhar is for Zobah of the previous clause, a word at present missing in Chronicles; the son of (Ben) is for Bani; and the Gadite (with the article) differs from Haggeri only by the change of the often confused letters d and r. The text here is the true one.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

36. Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah] In Chron. “Joel the brother of Nathan.” The consonants of Igal (ינאל) and Joel (יואל) are so similar that one or other of the names is probably corrupt. Igal occurs in Num_13:7; 1Ch_3:22. If the text is correct he was a Syrian of Zobah. See note on ch. 2Sa_8:3.

Bani the Gadite] This is probably the true reading, and Mibhar the son of Haggeri in 1Ch_11:38 is a corruption of the words here of Zobah Bani the Gadite.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah,.... kingdom in Syria, Sa2 8:3; according to Hillerus (s) the same with Joel, Ch1 11:38,

Bani the Gadite; who was of the tribe of Gad, as the Targum; in the room of this stands "Mibhar, the son of Haggeri", in Ch1 11:38.

(s) Onomastic. Sacr. p. 856.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

It is remarkable that we have several foreigners at this part of the list: Igal of Zobah, Zelek the Ammonite, Uriah the Hittite, and perhaps Nahari the Beerothite. The addition of Zelek to the mighty men was probably the fruit of David’s war with Ammon 2Sa 8:12; 10; 2Sa 12:26-31.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Igaal, or Joel, the brother of Nathan. To reconcile these texts, we may say the person was adopted by his brother, or had married his daughter, which was not prohibited by the law. --- Bonni, or Mibahar, the son of Agarai.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

The Pulpit Commentary

Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah. In Chronicles, "Joel the brother of Nathan," Igal and Joel in Hebrew being almost the same. If the text here is correct, he was by birth a Syrian of Zobah, for which see note 2Sa_10:6. Bani the Gadite. In Chronicles, "Mibhar the son of Haggeri," "Mibhar" taking the place of "from Zobah;" "the son," ben, that of "Bani;" and Haggadi, "the Gadite," becoming "Haggeri."

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 6 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Yigʼâl (“Igal”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Igal” (Yigʼâl) shape what this verse is saying?
This is the first place “Bani” appears in Scripture (first appears here). What does its debut here establish?
How does Numbers 13:7, which shares the word «Igal», read alongside this verse?
The Septuagint runs longer here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
Compare how Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

1 word makes its first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 6 Hebrew ↔ 7 Greek words.
6 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.