2 Samuel 23:35

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Hezro the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

2 hapax legomena — only here in the Hebrew Bible
3 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible

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Word by word

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פַּעֲרַ֖י

Paʻăray

H6474

“Paarai”

Noun, Proper

Appears 1× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H6473

TWOT: None

Paarai = "gaping" - the Arbite, son of Ezbai and one of David's mighty warriors

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

5: words
4: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

2 hapax legomena — words that appear only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

פַּעֲרַ֖י Paarai H6474
הָאַרְבִּֽי Arbite H701

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

חצרו Hezro H2695
פַּעֲרַ֖י Paarai H6474
הָאַרְבִּֽי Arbite H701

Shared distinctive vocabulary

חצרו Hezro H2695 occurs in 2 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

1 Chronicles 11:37

Grammatical profile

5 nouns

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

חצרו Hezro H2695 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 6 words from the Hebrew and 7 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 5 Hebrew tokens and 6 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 2 Samuel 23:35 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

1 Chronicles 11:37 Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,
Joshua 15:55 Maon, Carmel, and Ziph, and Jutah,

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Samuel 23:35 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

חצרו חֶצְרַי֙ הַֽכַּרְמְלִ֔י פַּעֲרַ֖י הָאַרְבִּֽי

Hezro the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Samuel 23:35 Septuagint · lemma form

ασαραι ὁ καρμήλιος φαραϊ ὁ ερχι

Asarai the Carmelite the son of Uraeoerchi.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

חֶצְרַי דְמִן כַּרְמְלָא פַעֲרַי דְמִן אֲרָב:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Samuel 23:35 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(35) Hezrai.—So the Hebrew margin; but the text has Hezro, as in Chronicles. He was of Carmel, seven miles S.S.E. of Hebron, famous in David’s early history.

Paarai the Arbite.—In Chronicles “Naarai the son of Ezbai.” It is impossible to decide whether Paarai or Naarai is the correct form, but the son of Ezbai is evidently a scribe’s error for the Arbite, which it must resemble in the original.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

35. Hezrai the Carmelite] The Kthîbh agrees with 1Ch_11:37 in reading Hezro. He belonged to Carmel in the mountainous country of Judah, now Kurmul, about seven miles S. S. E. of Hebron. Cp. 1Sa_25:2.

Paarai the Arbite] Of Arab, a city also in the neighbourhood of Hebron (Jos_15:52), perhaps er-Rabîyeh, about five miles S. of Hebron. Chron. reads “Naarai the son of Ezbai.”

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Hezrai the Carmelite,.... Of Mount Carmel; or from Carmela, as the Targum, see Sa1 25:2; he is called Hezro, Ch1 11:37,

Paarai the Arbite; or from Arab, as the Targum, a city in the tribe of Judah, Jos 15:52; according to Hillerus (r), the same with "Naarai the son of Ezbai", in Ch1 11:37.

(r) Onomastic. Sacr. p. 499.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Arbi. Paralipomenon, "Naari, the son of Azbai." (Haydock)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

The Pulpit Commentary

Hezrai. The Hebrew text has Hezro, as in 1Ch_11:37. His native place was Carmel, for which see note on 1Sa_15:12. Paarai the Arbite. A native of Arab, in Judah. In Chronicles he is called "Naarai the son of Ezbai."

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 5 words (4 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Paʻăray (“Paarai”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Paarai” (Paʻăray) shape what this verse is saying?
This verse holds 2 words here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare words draw attention to?
3 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
1 Chronicles 11:37 shares the word «Hezro» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“Hezro” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
Reading how Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
3 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 5 Hebrew ↔ 6 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 2 words in this verse.
“Hezro” occurs 2× in this single verse.