2 Samuel 21:11

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 2 Samuel 21:11 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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2 Samuel 21:11 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/2-samuel/21/11.

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English Translation
It was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    It was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And it was declared to David what Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    It was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    When David was told what Saul’s concubine Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, had done,
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    When David was told what Saul’s concubine Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, had done,
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And it was told Dauid, what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah ye concubine of Saul had done.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And it was told David, what Respha the daughter of Aia, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And it is declared to David that which Rizpah daughter of Aiah, concubine of Saul, hath done,
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And it is declared to David that which Rizpah daughter of Aiah, concubine of Saul, has done,
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    It was told to David what Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, the slave wife of Saul, had done.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And it was declared to David what Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah the concubine of Saul had done.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    When David heard what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, Saul's concubine, had done,
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And news was given to David of what Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, one of Saul's wives, had done.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

10
words
10
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is רִצְפָּ֥ה Rizpah H7532 — appearing just 4 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

רִצְפָּ֥ה Rizpah H7532 occurs in 4 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 2 verbs
  • 6 nouns
  • 2 particles

Verb forms

  • וַיֻּגַּ֖ד Hophal · Sequential Imperfect
  • עָשְׂתָ֛ה Qal · Perfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 16 words from the Hebrew and 35 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

2

Topical passages linked to 2 Samuel 21:11 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • 2 Samuel 2:4 The men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. They told David, saying, The men of Jabesh Gilead were those who buried Saul.
  • Ruth 2:11–12 Boaz answered her, It has fully been shown me, all that you have done to your mother-in-law since the death of your husband; and how you have left your father and your mother, and the land of your birth, and have come to a people that you didn't know before.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 35 words vs World English Bible 16. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Samuel 21:11 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לְדָוִ֑ד אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר עָשְׂתָ֛ה רִצְפָּ֥ה בַת אַיָּ֖ה פִּלֶ֥גֶשׁ שָׁאֽוּל

It was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Samuel 21:11 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ἀποἀγγέλλω ὁ δαυίδ ὅσος ποιέω ρεσφα θυγάτηρ αια παλλακή σαούλ καί ἐκλύω καί καταλαμβάνω αὐτός δαν υἱός ιωα ἐκ ὁ ἀπόγονος ὁ γίγας

And it was told David what Respha the daughter of Aia the concubine of Saul had done, and they were faint, and Dan, the son of Joa of the offspring of the giants overtook them.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וְאִתְחַוָא לְדָוִד יַת דַעֲבָדִית רִצְפָּה בַּת אַיָה לְחֵינָתָא דְשָׁאוּל:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Samuel 21:11 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Sa 21:11 And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Ver. 11. And it was told David what Rizpah … had done.] Who liked it well, and thought it no disparagement to make such a woman his pattern in showing kindness to the dead. We should not disdain to learn any good of any one, though never so mean. God sendeth us to school to the pismire, stork, &c.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Joseph Benson's Commentary

2Sa 21:11. It was told David what Rizpah had done — And he heard it with so much approbation, that he thought fit to imitate her piety, being by her example provoked to do what hitherto he had neglected, to bestow an honourable interment on the remains of Saul and Jonathan, and, with them, upon those that were now put to death, that the honour done to them therein might be some comfort to this disconsolate widow.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

BURIAL OF THE BONES OF SAUL AND JONATHAN, 2Sa_21:11-14.

11. It was told David — And it deeply touched his sensitive nature, and prompted him to the action next described.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

21:11-13 Rizpah’s action shamed David into likewise honoring the dead of Saul’s family.

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

11–14. Burial of the bones of Saul and his sons

11. The curious addition of the Sept. to this verse, “and they were unfastened, and Dan the son of Joash, who was of the descendants of the giant, took them down,” is almost certainly a corrupt rendering of 2Sa_21:15-16, placed here by mistake.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done. Whether this was told out of good will or ill will is not certain; however, it was not disagreeable to David, but served to move pity and compassion in him to the woman, and to stir him up to give an honourable interment to Saul and his sons; and which would show that this fact was not done out of personal pique and revenge to his family, but in obedience to the will of God, and the honour of his name.

And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done. Whether this was told out of good will or ill will is not certain; however, it was not disagreeable to David, but served to move pity and compassion in him to the woman, and to stir him up to give an honourable interment to Saul and his sons; and which would show that this fact was not done out of personal pique and revenge to his family, but in obedience to the will of God, and the honour of his name.

2 Samuel 21:12

sa2 21:12

sa2 21:12

sa2 21:12And David went and took the bones of Saul, and the bones of Jonathan his son, from the men of Jabeshgilead,.... Which, according to Bunting (t), was fifty two miles from Jerusalem; though perhaps David did not go thither in person to fetch them, but by his messengers, see Sa2 21:14,

which had stolen them from the street of Bethshan, where the Philistines had hanged them, when the Philistines had slain Saul in Gilboa; the history of all which see in Sa1 31:8.

(t) Travels, &c. p. 122, 143.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Done. Her piety and affliction were extraordinary. She had been brought up in delicacies, and was a person of uncommon beauty, so as to captivate Abner, chap. iii. 8. She must now have been advanced in years. (Haydock)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

It was told David; who heard it with so much approbation, that he thought fit to imitate her piety, being by her example provoked to do what hitherto he had neglected, to bestow an honourable interment upon the remains of Saul and Jonathan, and, with them, upon those that were now put to death, that the honour done to them herein might be some comfort to this dejected and disconsolate widow.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

David - Who heard it with so much approbation, that he thought fit to imitate her piety, being by her example provoked to do what hitherto he had neglected, to bestow an honourable interment on the remains of Saul and Jonathan, and, with them, upon those that are now put to death, that the honour done to them herein, might be some comfort to this disconsolate widow.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 10 words (10 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Ritspâh (“Rizpah”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “Rizpah” (Ritspâh) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. 2 Samuel 3:7 shares the word «Rizpah» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  3. Compared with the Hebrew, the Septuagint runs longer here. What questions does that raise?
  4. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  5. The verb «וַיֻּגַּ֖ד» is Hophal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
  6. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Joseph Benson's Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

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Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.