2 Samuel 16:14

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 2 Samuel 16:14 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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2 Samuel 16:14 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/2-samuel/16/14.

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English Translation
The king, and all the people who were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    The king, and all the people who were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary, and refreshed themselves there.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And the king and all of the people who with him came, weary. And he refreshed himself there.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    The king, and all the people who were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Finally, the king and all the people with him arrived, exhausted. And there he refreshed himself.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Finally, the king and all the people with him arrived, exhausted. And there he refreshed himself.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary, and refreshed themselves there.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Then came the King and all the people that were with him wearie, and refreshed them selues there.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And the king and all the people with him came weary, and refreshed themselves there.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And the king cometh in, and all the people who `are' with him, wearied, and they are refreshed there.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And the king comes in, and all the people who [are] with him, wearied, and they are refreshed there.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Then the king and all the people who were with him became weary, and he rested when they stopped for the night.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And the king and all of the people who with him came, weary. And he refreshed himself there.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary, and refreshed themselves there.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    The king and all the people who were with him arrived weary; and he refreshed himself there.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary, and refreshed themselves there.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    The king and everyone with him were tired out when they arrived at the Jordan. David rested there.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And the king and his people came tired to Jordan, and took their rest there.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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וַיִּנָּפֵ֖שׁ
nâphash
H5314
“and · to refresh”
Conjunction + Verb, Niphal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
Part of Speech
Conjunction + Verb
Stem
Niphal
Form
Sequential Imperfect
Person
3rd Person
Gender
Masculine
Number
Singular
Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 1395

(Niphal) to take breath, refresh oneself
  1. וַיָּבֹ֥א bôwʼ H935 “and · to enter” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  2. הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ melek H4428 “the · king” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  3. וְכָל kôl H3605 “and · all of” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  4. הָעָ֥ם ʻam H5971 “the · people” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  5. אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher H834 “which” Particle, Relative
  6. אִתּ֖וֹ ʼêth H854 “with · him” Preposition + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  7. עֲיֵפִ֑ים ʻâyêph H5889 “weary” Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  8. שָֽׁם shâm H8033 “there” Adverb

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

9
words
9
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וַיִּנָּפֵ֖שׁ to refresh H5314 — appearing just 3 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וַיִּנָּפֵ֖שׁ to refresh H5314 occurs in 3 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 2 verbs
  • 3 nouns
  • 1 adjective
  • 1 preposition
  • 1 adverb
  • 1 particle

Verb forms

  • וַיָּבֹ֥א Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיִּנָּפֵ֖שׁ Niphal · Sequential Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 17 words from the Hebrew and 15 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 9 Hebrew tokens and 13 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Samuel 16:14 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיָּבֹ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר אִתּ֖וֹ עֲיֵפִ֑ים וַיִּנָּפֵ֖שׁ שָֽׁם

The king, and all the people who were with him, came weary; and he refreshed himself there.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Samuel 16:14 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ἔρχομαι ὁ βασιλεύς καί πᾶς ὁ λαός αὐτός ἐκλύω καί ἀναψύχω ἐκεῖ

And the king, and all the people with him, came away and refreshed themselves there.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וַאֲתָא מַלְכָּא וְכָל עַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ כַּד מִשַׁלְהָן וְנַח תַּמָן:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Samuel 16:14 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Sa 16:14 And the king, and all the people that [were] with him, came weary, and refreshed themselves there.

Ver. 14. And they refreshed themselves there,] viz., at Bahurim, {2Sa 16:5} where yet they stayed not long: for when the messengers came thither from Hushai, David was gone, leaving Shimei to feed upon his own heart, since he could not come at David’s, and to drink up the most part of his own venom himself, as every malicious man doth.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

To wit, at Bahurim.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

refreshed themselves there--that is, in the city of Bahurim.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(14) Came weary.—The sentence seems to require the mention of some place, and the clause “refreshed themselves there” to imply that a place has already been mentioned. The word for weary is, therefore, generally taken as a proper name, Ayephim, which was probably a mere caravansary.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

14. came weary] There is no place mentioned to which there at the end of the verse can refer. It is clear from ch. 2Sa_17:18, that the halting-place was not Bahurim, but some place beyond it. We must suppose that the name of the place has fallen out of the text, or that the word for weary should be taken as a proper name to Ayêphîm. No such place is known, but it would be an appropriate name for a caravansary or resting-place for travellers.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary,.... With their journey, and through grief and trouble at what they met with:

and refreshed themselves there: that is, at Bahurim, with food and rest; which revived their spirits, and put as it were new life and soul into them, as the word used signifies. Josephus (y) says, when David came to Jordan, he refreshed his weary men.

(y) Antiqu. l. 7. c. 9. sect. 4.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

There, on the hill side, (Haydock) at Bahurim, ver. 5. (Menochius)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Came to the city of Bahurim, 2Sa 16:5.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

14. Weary — The word עיפים, thus rendered, Keil understands to be the name of a place, Ayephim, and argues that the word there, at the close of the verse, requires such a construction; but the versions are all against him, and the word there may easily be understood to refer indefinitely to the place where they stopped to refresh themselves. Many critics suppose that the cursing of Shimei was the occasion of Psalms 7.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Weary. Evidently the name of a place; for David "refreshed himself there." It was probably a caravanserai, the full name of which was, "Rest for the weary," but gradually the title was shortened down to the last word, "Weary," Hebrew Ayephim, which the Revised Version puts as a proper name in the margin.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Came - To the city of Bahurim.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

The king came with his train, pursued in this manner, to Ayephim, and refreshed himself there. The context requires that Ayephim should be taken as the name of a place. If it were an appellative, signifying weary, there would be no information as to the place to which David came, and to which the word שׁם (there) distinctly refers. Bahurim cannot be the place alluded to, for the simple reason that, according to Sa2 17:18, the place where David rested was a considerable distance beyond Bahurim, towards the Jordan, as we may see from the fact that it is stated there that the priests' sons, who were sent to carry information to David of what was occurring in Jerusalem, hid themselves in a well at Bahurim from the officers who were following them, and consequently had to go still further in order to convey the news to David; so that it is out of the question to supply this name from Sa2 16:5. It is true that we never meet with the name Ayephim again; but this applies to many other places whose existence is not called in question.

(Note: The meaning of the word, wearied or weariness, does not warrant any conjectures, even though they should be more felicitous than that of Bttcher, who proposes to alter Ayephim into Ephraim, and assumes that there was a place of this name near Mahanaim, though without reflecting that the place where David rested was on this side of the Jordan, and somewhere near to Gilgal or Jericho (Sa2 17:16. and Sa2 17:22).)

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

And they rested there. In Bachurim.

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 9 words (9 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is nâphash (“to refresh”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “to refresh” (nâphash) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. How does Exodus 23:12, which shares the word «to refresh», read alongside this verse?
  3. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  4. «וַיָּבֹ֥א» is a Qal Sequential Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  5. Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Geneva Bible (1599) read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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