2 Chronicles 11:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

and she bore him sons: Jeush, and Shemariah, and Zaham.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
1 first appearance in the Hebrew Bible

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Word by word

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זָֽהַם

Zaham

H2093

“Zaham”

Noun, Proper

Appears 1× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H2092

TWOT: None

Zaham = "loathing" - the son of Rehoboam by Mahalath, David's granddaughter

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

9: words
6: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

זָֽהַם Zaham H2093

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

זָֽהַם Zaham H2093

Shared distinctive vocabulary

שְׁמַרְיָ֖ה Shemariah H8114 occurs in 4 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

1 verb
4 nouns
1 preposition
3 particles

Verb forms

וַתֵּ֥לֶד Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 10 words from the Hebrew and 10 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 9 Hebrew tokens and 12 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Chronicles 11:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ בָּנִ֑ים אֶת יְע֥וּשׁ וְאֶת שְׁמַרְיָ֖ה וְאֶת זָֽהַם

and she bore him sons: Jeush, and Shemariah, and Zaham.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Chronicles 11:19 Septuagint · lemma form

καί τίκτω αὐτός υἱός ὁ ιαους καί ὁ σαμαριαν καί ὁ ροολλαμ

And she bore him sons; Jeus, and Samoria, and Zaam.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 2 Chronicles 11:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(19) Which bare.—And she (i.e., Mahalath) bare.

Shamariah.—Shemariah. These sons of Rehoboam occur here only.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And Rehoboam loved Maacah the daughter of Absalom above all his wives and his concubines, &c. Who is called Michaiah, the daughter of Uriel, Ch2 13:2,

for he took eighteen wives and sixty concubines; led thereunto by the example of his father Solomon, contrary to the command of God, Deu 17:17.

and begat twenty eight sons and sixty daughters; to have many children was reckoned a great blessing, but it was not honourable to have them in such a way.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

The Pulpit Commentary

(See last note.) If previous verse speaks of two wives of Rehoboam, of which wife (our Hebrew text being not "which bare," but "and she bare") were Jeush, Shamariah, and Zaham the children? or of which respectively, if they express the children of both? As the words now stand, it can only be supposed, with all lexicons, that Abihail is mother of the three children on the two-wife supposition.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 9 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Zaham (“Zaham”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word Zaham carries the sense “Zaham.” How does it shape the verse?
This verse holds 1 word here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare word draw attention to?
The word “Zaham” first appears here in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
1 Chronicles 12:5 shares the word «Shemariah» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
The verb «וַתֵּ֥לֶד» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and John Gill's Exposition read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
1 word makes its first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 9 Hebrew ↔ 12 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 7 words in this verse.
6 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 9 words in this verse.