וַיָּ֛מָת בֶּן הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁכְבָ֖ה עָלָֽיו
This woman's child died in the night, because she lay on it.
World English Bible · Public Domain
1 Kings 3:19
Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 1 Kings 3:19 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
English Translation
This woman's child died in the night, because she lay on it.
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Compare translations 3
The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.
Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.
Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.
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World English Bible Public Domain
This woman's child died in the night, because she lay on it.
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King James Version Public Domain
And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And the son of this woman died night, because she lay on him.
unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).
Show all 18 translations
Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.
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World English Bible Public Domain
This woman's child died in the night, because she lay on it.
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Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
During the night this woman’s son died because she rolled over on him.
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Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
During the night this woman’s son died because she rolled over on him.
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King James Version Public Domain
And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.
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American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
And this woman's child died in the night, because she lay upon it.
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Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
And this woman’s child died in the night; because she overlaid it.
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Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
And this womans sonne died in the night: for she ouerlay him.
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Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
And this woman's child died in the night: for in her sleep she overlaid him.
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Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
And the son of this woman dieth at night, because she hath lain upon it,
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Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
And the son of this woman dies at night, because she has lain on him,
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Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
Then this woman's son died in the night, because she lay on him.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And the son of this woman died night, because she lay on him.
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Darby Bible Public Domain
And this woman's child died in the night; because she had lain upon it.
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World Messianic Bible Public Domain
This woman’s child died in the night, because she lay on it.
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Webster's Bible Public Domain
And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.
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Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
During the night this woman's son died because she rolled over on him.
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Bible in Basic English Public Domain
In the night, this woman, sleeping on her child, was the cause of its death.
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JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlay it.
Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).
Word by word
More ways to search: Search by grammar → Find every occurrence → Compare this word →
Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →
שָׁכְבָ֖ה
shâkab
H7901
“to lie down”
Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
- Appears 213× in the Hebrew Bible
- First appears at Genesis 19:4
- Part of Speech
- Verb
- Stem
- Qal
- Form
- Perfect
- Person
- 3rd Person
- Gender
- Feminine
- Number
- Singular
Full BDB Definition
to lie down
- (Qal)
- to lie, lie down, lie on
- to lodge
- to lie (of sexual relations)
- to lie down (in death)
- to rest, relax (figuratively)
- (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)
- (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)
- (Hiphil) to make to lie down
- (Hophal) to be laid
- וַיָּ֛מָת mûwth H4191 “and · to die” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
- בֶּן bên H1121 “son of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
- הָאִשָּׁ֥ה ʼishshâh H802 “the · woman” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
- הַזֹּ֖את zôʼth H2063 “the · this” Particle, Definite Article + Pronoun, Demonstrative, Feminine, Singular
- לָ֑יְלָה layil H3915 “night” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 “which” Particle, Relative
- שָׁכְבָ֖ה shâkab H7901 “to lie down” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
- עָלָֽיו ʻal H5921 “upon · him” Preposition + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
About this verse
These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →
- 8
- words
- 8
- distinct lemmas
- Historical
- section
Grammatical profile
- 2 verbs
- 3 nouns
- 1 pronoun
- 1 preposition
- 1 particle
Verb forms
- וַיָּ֛מָת Qal · Sequential Imperfect
- שָׁכְבָ֖ה Qal · Perfect
Hebrew & Septuagint length
In English translation the verse runs 12 words from the Hebrew and 12 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.
A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.
Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.
In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 13 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.
Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint
The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.
These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.
καί ἀποθνήσκω ὁ υἱός ὁ γυνή οὗτος ὁ νύξ ὡς ἐπικοιμάω ἐπί αὐτός
And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.
LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain
Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →
Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)
The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.
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Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
וּמִית בַּר אִתְּתָא הָדָא בְּלֵילְיָא דִשְׁכִיבַת עֲלוֹהִי:
(no public-domain English translation for this verse)
Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Lesson kit
Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.
1 Kings, in the Historical, opens this verse with 8 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is shâkab (“to lie down”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.
Discussion questions
- The word shâkab carries the sense “to lie down.” How does it shape the verse?
- These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
- The verb «וַיָּ֛מָת» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
- Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?
Things to notice
- This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 13 Greek words.
- These translations choose different wording for 7 words in this verse.
- 8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.
Commentary
Notes on 1 Kings 3:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.
Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →
Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
John Gill's Exposition
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary
George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).
Matthew Poole's English Annotations
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
The Pulpit Commentary
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
John Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.