בְּנֵ֥י רְאוּבֵ֖ן בְּכ֣וֹר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֲנ֥וֹךְ וּפַלּ֖וּא חֶצְר֥וֹן וְכַרְמִֽי
the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
World English Bible · Public Domain
1 Chronicles 5:3
Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 1 Chronicles 5:3 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
English Translation
the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Compare translations 3
The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.
Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.
Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.
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World English Bible Public Domain
the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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King James Version Public Domain
The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Karmi.
unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).
Show all 18 translations
Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.
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World English Bible Public Domain
the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
The sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
The sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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King James Version Public Domain
The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
the sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel; Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
The sonnes of Reuben the eldest sonne of Israel, were Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi.
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Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
The sons then of Ruben the firstborn of Israel were Enoch, and Phallu, Esron, and Charmi.
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Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
Sons of Reuben, first-born of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
sons of Reuben, firstborn of Israel: Enoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel were Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Karmi.
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Darby Bible Public Domain
-- the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Enoch and Phallu, Hezron and Carmi.
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World Messianic Bible Public Domain
the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Webster's Bible Public Domain
The sons, I say, of Reuben the first-born of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
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Bible in Basic English Public Domain
The sons of Reuben, the oldest son of Israel: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi.
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JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
the sons of Reuben the first-born of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).
Word by word
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וּפַלּ֖וּא
Pallûwʼ
H6396
“and · Pallu”
Conjunction + Noun, Proper
- Appears 5× in the Hebrew Bible
- First appears at Genesis 46:9
- Part of Speech
- Conjunction + Noun
- Type
- Proper
Full BDB Definition
Pallu or Phallu = "distinguished"
- the 2nd son of Reuben, father of Eliab, and progenitor of a family of Israel
- בְּנֵ֥י bên H1121 “sons of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
- רְאוּבֵ֖ן Rᵉʼûwbên H7205 “Reuben” Noun, Proper
- בְּכ֣וֹר bᵉkôwr H1060 “firstborn of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 “Israel” Noun, Proper
- חֲנ֥וֹךְ Chănôwk H2585 “Hanoch” Noun, Proper
- וּפַלּ֖וּא Pallûwʼ H6396 “and · Pallu” Conjunction + Noun, Proper
- חֶצְר֥וֹן Chetsrôwn H2696 “Hezron” Noun, Proper
- וְכַרְמִֽי Karmîy H3756 “and · Carmi” Conjunction + Noun, Proper
About this verse
These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →
- 8
- words
- 8
- distinct lemmas
- Historical
- section
Notable vocabulary
The rarest word here is וּפַלּ֖וּא Pallu H6396 — appearing just 5 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.
Shared distinctive vocabulary
וּפַלּ֖וּא Pallu H6396 occurs in 5 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:
Grammatical profile
- 8 nouns
Hebrew & Septuagint length
In English translation the verse runs 14 words from the Hebrew and 14 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.
A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.
Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.
In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 10 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.
Cross-references
3Topical passages linked to 1 Chronicles 5:3 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.
- Genesis 46:9 The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
- Exodus 6:14 These are the heads of their fathers' houses. The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi; these are the families of Reuben.
- Numbers 26:5–9 Reuben, the firstborn of Israel; the sons of Reuben: [of] Hanoch, the family of the Hanochites; of Pallu, the family of the Palluites;
Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).
Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint
The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.
These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.
υἱός ρουβην πρωτότοκος ἰσραήλ ενωχ καί φαλλους αρσων καί χαρμι
The sons of Ruben the firstborn of Israel; Enoch, and Phallus, Asrom, and Charmi.
LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain
Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →
Lesson kit
Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.
1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 8 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Pallûwʼ (“Pallu”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.
Discussion questions
- What does “Pallu” (Pallûwʼ) contribute to the verse as a whole?
- How does Genesis 46:9, which shares the word «Pallu», read alongside this verse?
- These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
- Compare how Tyndale Open Study Notes and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?
Things to notice
- This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 10 Greek words.
- These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
- 8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.
Commentary
Notes on 1 Chronicles 5:3 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.
Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →
Tyndale Open Study Notes
Tyndale Open Resources
Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
John Gill's Exposition
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
The Pulpit Commentary
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Keil & Delitzsch
C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch
Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)
Rashi
Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)
Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.