Genesis 46:9

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

3 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible

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וּפַלּ֖וּא

Pallûwʼ

H6396

“and · Pallu”

Conjunction + Noun, Proper

Appears 5× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H6395

TWOT: None

Pallu or Phallu = "distinguished" - the 2nd son of Reuben, father of Eliab, and progenitor of a family of Israel

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

6: words
6: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וּפַלּ֖וּא Pallu H6396 — appearing just 5 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

וּפַלּ֖וּא Pallu H6396
וְחֶצְר֥וֹן Hezron H2696
וְכַרְמִֽי Carmi H3756

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וּפַלּ֖וּא Pallu H6396 occurs in 5 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

6 nouns

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 9 words from the Hebrew and 11 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 6 Hebrew tokens and 9 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Genesis 46:9 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וּבְנֵ֖י רְאוּבֵ֑ן חֲנ֥וֹךְ וּפַלּ֖וּא וְחֶצְר֥וֹן וְכַרְמִֽי

The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Genesis 46:9 Septuagint · lemma form

υἱός δέ ρουβην ενωχ καί φαλλους ασρων καί χαρμι

And the sons of Ruben; Enoch, and Phallus, Asron, and Charmi.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן חֲנוֹךְ וּפַלּוּא וְחֶצְרֹן וְכַרְמִי

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וּבְנוֹי דִרְאוּבֵן חֲנוֹךְ וּפַלוּא וְחֶצְרוֹן וְכַרְמִי

And the sons of Reuben, Hanok and Phallu Hetsron and Karmi.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Genesis 46:9 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9) Reuben has four sons: Hanoch, Phallu, Hezron, Carmi. In these the genealogies all agree.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

9. = Exo_6:14; Num_26:5-6.

Hanoch] See Gen_25:4, the name of a Midianite. Reuben took possession of Midianite land; see Jos_13:21.

Hezron, and Carmi] The name of Hezron (= “enclosure”) occurs again Gen_46:12. The town of Hezron is in S. Judah, Jos_15:3; Jos_15:25 (?). Hezron as grandson of Judah, 1Ch_2:5. Carmi (cerem = “vineyard”), the name of a clan; note termination in -i. “Beth-haccherem” occurs in Neh_3:14, Jer_6:1 as the name of a district in Judah. Compare LXX in Jos_15:59, where Carem is one of several names added by LXX. Carmi as (?) grandson of Judah, 1Ch_2:7.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And the sons of Reuben, Hanoch, and Phallu, and Hezron, and Carmi. From whom came the families named after them, of which they were the heads, Num 26:5.

.

Genesis 46:10

gen 46:10

gen 46:10

gen 46:10And the sons of Simeon,.... Who was the second son of Jacob:

Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar; the first of these is called Nemuel, Num 26:12; the third, Ohad, is omitted in the places referred to, he dying without children, as may be supposed, and so was not the head of any family; and the fourth, Jachin, is called Jarib, Ch1 4:24; and the fifth is called Zerah, in the above place, by a transposition of letters:

and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman; whom Simeon married, very probably after the death of his first wife, by whom he had the above five sons, or she was his concubine: many Jewish writers (u) say, this was Dinah, married to a Canaanite, but this is impossible: according to the Targum of Jonathan, this Shaul was Zimri, who did the work of the Canaanites at Shittim, Num 25:14, which is not at all likely, the distance of time will not admit of it.

(u) Jarchi in loc. Bereshit Rabba, sect. 80. fol. 70. 3. Shalshalet Hakabala, fol. 3. 2.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Hesron and Charmi were probably born in Egypt, as Ruben had only two sons, chap. xlii. 37. (Philo.)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

The Pulpit Commentary

And the sons of Reuben; Hanoch, or Dedicated;" the name also of Cain"s firstborn, (Gen_4:17) and of the son of Jared (Gen_5:19) and Phallu, (Gesenius)and Hezron, (Gesenius), "Of the Court or Village" (Murphy), "Blooming One" (Furst)and Carmi, (Gesenius, Murphy), "Noble One" (Furst).

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Genesis, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 6 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Pallûwʼ (“Pallu”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Pallu” (Pallûwʼ) contribute to the verse as a whole?
3 words make their first appearance in Scripture here. What does this debut establish?
How does Exodus 6:14, which shares the word «Pallu», read alongside this verse?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
Compare how Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

3 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 6 Hebrew ↔ 9 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 2 words in this verse.
6 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.