1 Chronicles 23:10

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

The sons of Shimei: Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four were the sons of Shimei.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
1 first appearance in the Hebrew Bible

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Word by word

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זִינָ֔א

Zîynâʼ

H2126

“Zina”

Noun, Proper

Appears 1× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H2109

TWOT: None

Zina = "well-fed" - a Gershonite Levite, second son of Shimei; also called 'Zizah'

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

10: words
8: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

זִינָ֔א Zina H2126

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

זִינָ֔א Zina H2126

Shared distinctive vocabulary

יַ֣חַת Jahath H3189 occurs in 7 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

8 nouns
1 adjective
1 pronoun

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

וּבְנֵ֣י son H1121 ×2
שִׁמְעִ֔י Shimei H8096 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 17 words from the Hebrew and 20 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 10 Hebrew tokens and 15 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 1 Chronicles 23:10 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וּבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְעִ֔י יַ֣חַת זִינָ֔א וִיע֖וּשׁ וּבְרִיעָ֑ה אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵי שִׁמְעִ֖י אַרְבָּעָֽה

The sons of Shimei: Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four were the sons of Shimei.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 1 Chronicles 23:10 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ὁ υἱός σεμεϊ ιεθ καί ζιζα καί ιωας καί βερια οὗτος υἱός σεμεϊ τέσσαρες

And to the sons of Semei, Jeth, and Ziza, and Joas, and Beria: these were the four sons of Semei.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, John Gill's Exposition discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 1 Chronicles 23:10 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

John Gill's Exposition

And Jahath was the chief,.... The prince and head of a family:

and Ziza the second; the same with Zina in Ch1 23:10, and is there read Ziza in the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions:

but Jeush and Beriah had not many sons; so as to constitute distinct families:

therefore they were in one reckoning, according to their father's house; made one family with their brethren.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

And Jahath was the chief,.... The prince and head of a family:

and Ziza the second; the same with Zina in Ch1 23:10, and is there read Ziza in the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions:

but Jeush and Beriah had not many sons; so as to constitute distinct families:

therefore they were in one reckoning, according to their father's house; made one family with their brethren.

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) And the sons of Shimei.—That is, of Shimei the “brother” of Laadan (1Ch_23:7). The bnê Shimei formed four houses, but were reckoned as three, because the two last-named, Jeush and Beriah, were numerically weak, and therefore counted as a single house and class (1Ch_23:11).

Zina.—1Ch_23:11 reads “Zizah” for this name, which is thus spelt quite differently in two consecutive verses. “Zizah” is probably right. (Comp. 1Ch_4:37; 2Ch_11:20.) So the LXX. and Vulg.; Syriac and Arabic read “Zabda.”

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

10. Zina] In 1Ch_23:11 Zizah; the two words are readily confused in Hebrew writing.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Ziza. Hebrew has "Zina," but reads "Ziza," ver. 11. (Calmet)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

The sons of Shimei; not that Shimei named 1Ch 23:9, but another, and possibly the son or grandson of that Shimei.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Ver. 10. (See Zec_12:13) The Zina of this verse is Zizah in the very next verse, which difference of form cannot be accounted for by any mere clerical explanation. The name Jahath seems to have been a favourite name in this family. (1Ch_6:43)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

General Information:

This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: How to Translate Names)

so they were considered as one clan

This can be stated in active form. AT: "so David considered them to be one clan" (See: Active or Passive)

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 10 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Zîynâʼ (“Zina”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Zina” (Zîynâʼ) shape what this verse is saying?
1 word here appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. Why might the author reach for such rare wording?
This is the first place “Zina” appears in Scripture (first appears here). What does its debut here establish?
How does 1 Chronicles 4:2, which shares the word «Jahath», read alongside this verse?
What does the repetition of “son” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
Compare how John Gill's Exposition and Keil & Delitzsch read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
1 word makes its first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 10 Hebrew ↔ 15 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
“son” occurs 2× in this single verse.