שְׁנָה

שֵׁינָה

• sleep. Ber. 3ᵇ מעולם לא עבר … בש׳ midnight never found me asleep. Ib. 62ᵇ ש׳ בעמוד וכ׳ sleep at morning dawn (v. שֵׁינָא I). Meg. 15ᵇ שְׁנַת וכ׳, v. נָדַד. Succ. 26ᵃ שֵׁינַת, v. עַרְאַי. Ib. במוסר שֵׁינָתוֹ וכ׳ when he gives his sleep in charge of others (gives orders to wake him up). Yoma I, 4 המאכל מביא את הש׳ eating causes sleepiness. Tam. 28ᵃ אונס ש׳ being overcome by sleep. Snh. 93ᵇ שהיו אונסין … ומן הש׳ they forced themselves not to laugh, talk, or fall asleep. Kidd. 49ᵇ עשרה ש׳ וכ׳ ten measures of sleep have come down to the world, nine of which the slaves have taken &c.; a. fr.

שָׁנָה

• I, v. שני

שָׁנָה II

• , Revue des Et. Juives XI, 1885, p. 64) year. Ber. 55ᵃ שלשה … ש׳ טובה וכ׳ three things must be prayed for: a good king, a good year, and a good dream. R. Hash. I, 1, a. fr. ראש הש׳, v. רֹאשׁ. Ib. 2ᵃ עלתה לו ש׳ it is counted as one year of his reign (his second year begins). Y. Yoma V, 42ᶜ top; Bab. ib. 53ᵇ, v. גָּשַׁם. Ib. 39ᵇ אותה ש׳ … בש׳ זו הוא מת (on the Day of Atonement of) the year in which Simon the righteous died, he said to them, in this year he (euphem. for I) shall die. Snh. 97ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 9ᵃ ששת אלפים ש׳ וכ׳ the world will last six thousand years. Naz. 5ᵃ אותה ש׳ … שנת עשר וכ׳ the year in which they asked for a king was the tenth year of office of Samuel &c. Par. I, 1 בת שְׁנָתָהּ in her first year; a. v. fr.—Pl. שָׁנִים, constr. שְׁנוֹת (שְׁנֵי). Naz. l. c. ימים שאין עמהן ש׳ ‘days’ in the Scriptures to which the word ‘years’ is not attached; זה שיש עמו ש׳ this passage (Gen. XLI, 1) where ‘years’ is combined with days. Yoma 71ᵃ (ref. to Prov. III, 2) וכי יש ש׳ של חיים ויש ש׳ שאינן וכ׳ are there years of life, and years of no life? אלו שְׁנוֹתָיו של אדם וכ׳ those are a man’s years which are changed for him from evil to good. Sabb. 89ᵇ (ref. to כשנים, Is. I, 18) אם יהיו חטאיכם כש׳ הללו וכ׳ if your sins were as many as the years that have been arranged and have come down from the six days of creation until now, they shall become white &c.; Yalk. Is. 256; Y. Sabb. IX, 12ᵃ bot. כש׳ שבין וכ׳ as the years (required for travelling) between the heaven and the earth; כשְׁנֵי אבות as the years of the patriarchs; a. v. fr.—ברכת הש׳ (the blessing of the harvests of the year) birkhath hash-shanim, the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions (תְּפִלָּה). Ber. 29ᵃ, v. שְׁאֵלָה. Taan. 2ᵃ; a. fr. e.g. Genesis 41:1

שֵׁנָה

• , v. שֵׁינָה

שני

• (b. h.)
• 1. to repeat, do a second time. Yoma 86ᵇ ואם ש׳ בהן וכ׳ but if he committed the same sins again, he must confess them. Ib. כיון … וש׳ בה וכ׳ when a man commits a sin and repeats it, it appears to him permitted; M. Kat. 27ᵇ. Ib. 16ᵇ; Ber. 18ᵃ אם קרית לא שָׁנִיתָ ואם שנית וכ׳ if thou hast read (studied), thou hast not repeated, and if thou hast repeated, thou hast not reviewed a third time, and if thou hast done so, they have not explained it to thee (v. פָּרַשׁ). Sot. 9ᵃ (ref. to Mal. III, 6) לא … ושָׁנִיתִי לה וכ׳ I never struck a nation and had to do it a second time, but you, children of Israel, have not been consumed; Yalk. Deut. 825. Ib. שהיה מכה … ולא שֹׁונֶה לו who used to strike a man once and no more (killed with one stroke). Tosef. Toh. IV, 1 אומר לו שיִשְׁנֶה we say to him that he should do it again (when it will be seen whether it can be done without touching uncleanness); אין שֹׁונִין בטהרות we must not try again for the purpose of deciding in matters of levitical cleanness; Nidd. 5ᵇ אומרים לו שְׁנֵה ושונה we say to him, do it again, and he does it again; a. fr.—Part. pass. שָׁנוּי; f. שְׁנוּיָה &c. Meg. 31ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 19ᵇ, v. שָׁלַשׁ; a. e. e.g. Malachi 3:6
• 2. (denom. of מִשְׁנָה) to study the Mishnah; in gen. to study; to teach. Meg. 28ᵇ; Nidd. 73ᵃ כל השונה וכ׳ he who studies (reviews) traditional laws every day. Meg. 32ᵃ; Treat. Sof’rim III, 10 השונה בלא זמרה who studies (Mishnah and Gemarah) without chant. B. Mets. 44ᵃ שנית לנו … ותִשְׁנֶה לנו וכ׳ in thy earlier days thou taughtest us …, and again in thy old days, thou teachest us &c.?; Ab. Zar. 52ᵇ. Erub. 92ᵃ וכי רבי לא שְׁנָאָהּ וכ׳ but if Rabbi has not taught that, whence could R. Ḥiyya have it?; Yeb. 43ᵃ; Nidd. 62ᵃ רבי לא שנה וכ׳ Rabbi has not taught this? whence &c.? Yeb. 108ᵇ, a. e. מי שש׳ זו לא ש׳ זו he who taught this, has not taught that, i.e. the two clauses in the Mishnah are from different authors, v. תַּבְרָא. Ḥull. 85ᵃ ראה רבי … ושְׁנָאָן וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. ושנאו) Rabbi approved of the opinion of R. …, and embodied it in the Mishnah as the opinion of ‘the scholars’. Pes. 3ᵇ; Ḥull. 63ᵇ לעולם יִשְׁנֶה אדם לתלמידו וכ׳ one should always teach his pupil the shortest way (use the briefest terms). Ib. 81ᵇ, a. fr. לא שָׁנוּ אלא וכ׳ they have taught this only with regard to a case &c., i.e. this is meant only when &c.; a. fr.—Part. pass. as ab. Nidd. 22ᵇ, a. fr. במחלוקת שנויה, v. מַחֲלוֹקֶת.
  • 1. to be repeated. Snh. 59ᵃ ונִישְׁנֵית, v. נֹחַ. Ḥull. 63ᵇ למה נִשְׁנוּ בבהמה וכ׳ why are the laws of clean and unclean animals repeated (in Deut.)? With reference to quadrupeds, on account of hassh’suʿah (Deut. XIV, 7, which is not found in Lev. XI, 4) &c., v. שְׁסוּעָה; Bekh. 6ᵇ; a. e. e.g. Deuteronomy 14:7
  • 2. to be taught. B. Mets. 33ᵇ; B. Kam. 94ᵇ, a. e. בימי רבי נשנית משנה זו this Mishnah was taught (originated) in Rabbi’s days. Ber. 28ᵃ, v. עֵדוּת; a. e.
  • to teach (Mishnah &c.). Lam. R. to I, 6 הַשְׁנֵינִי פרק וכ׳, v. קָרָא II; a. e.
  • 1. to repeat, to come a second time. Y. Snh. III, 21ᵇ bot. לְשַׁנֹּות, v. טַעֲנָה. Num. R. s. 420 ולא שִׁינְּתָה, v. שָׁלַשׁ.
  • 2. to change, vary, modify; to make a distinction. B. Mets. VI, 2 כל המְשַׁנֶּה ידיו וכ׳, v. יָד. Snh. 92ᵇ אפי׳ … לא יְשַׁנֶּה אדם את עצמו וכ׳ even in time of danger (persecution) a man must not change himself from (disguise the insignia of) his office. Yeb. 65ᵇ מותר … לשנות וכ׳ one may modify (the report of a person’s utterances) in the interest of peace. Ib. גדול … הקב"ה ש׳ בו וכ׳ peace is a great thing, for even the Lord modified (Sarah’s words) for its sake (ref. to Gen. XVIII, 12 a. 13). Y. Pes. IV, 30ᵈ top אל תְּשַׁנּוּ מנהג וכ׳ change not the usage of your fathers &c. Gen. R. s. 48 זה אחד … שׁשִׁינּוּ וכ׳ this is one of the things which they (the seventy translators) changed for king Ptolemee. Sabb. 10ᵇ לעולם אל יְשַׁנֶּה אדם בנו בין הבנים a man must never distinguish his son among his sons (favor one son more than the others); Gen. R. s. 84. Bets. 30ᵃ אם אי אפשר לשנות if it is not possible to do the thing in a different manner (so as to be reminded that it is a Holy Day). Tanḥ. Nitsabim 3 כבר … שלא אֲשׁנֶּה בכם וכ׳ I have sworn to you that I will not change my relation to you &c. Yalk. Mal. 589 מי שי׳ במי which of us changed his conduct towards the other?; המקום לא שי׳ בישראל God has not changed his relation to Israel; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְשׁוּנֶּה; f. מְשׁוּנָּה. Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵈ עורב יצא מש׳ מן הבריות the raven came out of the ark looking different from all other creatures (black). Shek. V, 2, v. רִצְפָה. Sabb. 56ᵃ (ref. to II Sam. XII, 9) מש׳ רעה זו וכ׳ this evil deed is different from all &c. Ib. 156ᵇ מיתה מש׳ a strange (unnatural, sudden) death; Sot. 35ᵃ; a. fr.—Deut. R. s. 9 ראה אותו מש׳ he saw him (the angel of death) looking strange (excited); מפני מה אתה מש׳ why art thou excited? e.g. Genesis 18:12
  • to be changed, different. Snh. 38ᵃ בשלשה … מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מחבירו וכ׳ by three things one man is distinguishable from another: by his voice &c. Pes. X, 4 (116ᵃ) מה נ׳ הלילה וכ׳ why is this night different from all other nights? Snh. 71ᵇ [read:] הואיל ונ׳ דינו ונִשְׁתַּנֵית מיתתו because his (the proselyte’s) legal status is different, and the mode of capital punishment is different for him. Sabb. 53ᵇ נִשְׁתַּנּוּ לו סדרי וכ׳ the order of nature had to be changed for him. R. Hash. 19ᵃ מה נִישְׁתַּנִּינוּ מכל וכ׳ wherein are we different from any other nation or tongue that you decree for us such hard decrees?; a. e.