רְפַס
to trample
‘to trample’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”).
Form
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H7512 appears — 2 distinct verses across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Daniel 2 verses
- Daniel 7:7 רָפְסָ֑ה Qal ptcp.act fs After this I saw in the night-visions, and, behold, a fourth animal, awesome and powerful, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet: and it was diverse from all the animals that were before it; and it had ten horns.
- Daniel 7:19 רָֽפְסָֽה Qal ptcp.act fs Then I desired to know the truth concerning the fourth animal, which was diverse from all of them, exceedingly terrible, whose teeth were of iron, and its nails of brass; which devoured, broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet;
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
רפס — transliterated rᵉphaç — is a Hebrew verb carrying the sense “to trample.” It is rare — just 2 verses in the entire Hebrew Bible. Its uses cluster heavily in Daniel (100% of all occurrences). Debuting at Daniel 7:7, it then recurs through the corpus. BDB distinguishes 2 senses for it. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7512 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 2
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 2 distinct verses.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #4,807
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 4,807 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 2 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Daniel 2 verses 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 2 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 2 verses · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Stamped 2×
- American Standard Version: Stamped 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: Trampled 1×, Trampling 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Trampled down 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7512 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7512 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7512 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7512 across 2 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 2 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- to tread, trample
- (Peal) treading, trampling (participle)
Word origin
[ רְפַס ] vb. tread, trample
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from רפס (râphaç) (H7511) — to humble.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
רָפַס
- (b. h.) to stamp, beat. Men. 37ᵃ מקום שמוחו … רוֹפֵס (Ag. Hatt. רוֹפֵף, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1) the place on the head where the child’s brain pulsates; (Yalk. Ex. 222 רופף). Lev. R. s. 16, beg. היתה רוֹפֶסֶת עליה she stamped upon it; (Sabb. 62ᵇ בועט׳). Lam. R. introd. (R. Ḥan. 2) (ref. to Prov. XXV, 19) ולמה שן רועה … ורגל רופסת וכ׳ and why does the feeding tooth eat us and the foot tread upon us?; a. e. e.g. Proverbs 25:19
- to be trodden, stamped upon. Lev. R. s. 36 מה גפן זו … נִרְפֶּסֶת וכ׳ as the fruit of the vine is first trodden with the foot and then offered at kings’ tables, so Israel &c.; Midr. Sam. ch. XVI. Gen. R. s. 75, beg. (ref. to Prov. XXV, 26) כשם … להֵרָפֵס וכ׳ as it is impossible for a spring to be stamped out and for a well to be corrupted, so is it impossible that the righteous sink before the wicked; Yalk. ib. 130.—[Y. Erub. V, 22ᵈ top מִיתַּרְפֵּס, מִתַּ׳, v. חָּפַס a. טָפס.] e.g. Proverbs 25:26
- to cause to be trodden upon, to humiliate. Midr. Sam. ch. II, end (expl. I Sam. I, 16) אל תַּרְפִּיסֵנִי קַמָּהּ do not humiliate me before her (Peninah).—V. רָפַשׂ. e.g. 1 Samuel 1:16
רְפַס
- Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLIV, 19. Targ. Ez. XXV, 6 (h. text רקע). Targ. II Sam. XXII, 43; a. e.
- to shake, shatter. Kidd. 63ᵇ הני שמעתתא דידי מְרַפְּסָן איגרי these my traditions are apt to shatter roofs (are hard to understand).
- to tremble. Targ. Koh. XII, 4 ויִתְרַפְּסוּן (Levita ויתרפשון).—V. רְפַשׂ.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 2 distinct written forms H7512 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| רָֽפְסָֽה | Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Daniel 7:19 | 1 |
| רָפְסָ֑ה | Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Daniel 7:7 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H7512, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 2 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 2 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
