מְרוֹחַ
crushed
also: bruised, rub fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Adjective
- A word that describes or qualifies a noun.
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H4790 appears — 1 distinct verse across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Leviticus 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, מרוח (mᵉrôwach) means “crushed.” It is rare — just 1 verse in the entire Hebrew Bible. The word gravitates to Leviticus (100%). Scripture uses it exactly once, at Leviticus 21:20. Not a single-sense word, it carries 2 senses, among them “bruised” and “rub”. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4790 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1 distinct verse.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #6,101
- by frequency
- Rank #6,101 (rank 6,101 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 1 occurrence in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Leviticus 1 verse 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1 distinct verse.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 1 verse · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Broken 1×
- American Standard Version: Broken 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Crushed 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Crushed 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4790 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4790 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4790 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4790 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 2 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- bruised, crushed, rub
- meaning dubious
Word origin
n.[m.] dub., only cstr. מְרוֹחַ אָ֑שֶׁךְ Lv 21:20; √ either מָרַח rub=a rubbing away of the testicle; or רָוַח be roomy, enlarged=enlargement (read then מֶרְוַח); v. further Di.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from מרח (mârach) (H4799) — to rub.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
מרוח
- , Y. Taan. IV, 65ᵇ bot., read: מִחְוַר, v. חֲוַר
מְרוֹחַ
- v. מָרַח)
- 1. (denom. of רוח) filled with air. Bekh. VII, 5 (expl. Lev. XXI, 20) כל שרוח וכ׳ he who has wind in his testicles; Tosef. ib. V, 4 (v. קילֵיטֵיס); Yalk. Lev. 632. e.g. Leviticus 21:20
- 2. (= מְמוֹרָח, v. מָרַח) smashed. Ib. (R. Yishm.) שנמרחו וכ׳; (Tosef. l. c. שחוף).—[
- 3. מ׳ אשך = מַרְאֵה חשֶׁךְ black complexion. Bekh. l. c., opin. of R. Antigonos.]
רְוַוח
- 1. to be wide, extend; to be easy; ר׳ ל־ to feel relieved. Targ. Job XXXII, 20.—[Targ. Ps. XXIII, 5 רויחא Ms., ed. Lag. רווחא, v. רְוִיתָא.]—Snh. 7ᵃ כיון דר׳ ר׳, v. בִּדְקָא. Ḥull. 8ᵃ בית … מִירְוַוח ר׳ the cut widens, i.e. the parts cut through go apart, and are not affected by the heat of the knife. B. Bath. 90ᵇ תרעא דר׳ ר׳ when the market becomes easy (prices fall), it remains so (for the rest of the year). Taan. 23ᵇ אמינא … ר׳ עלמא וכ׳ (Ms. M. דוו, corr. acc.) I thought, as it has been raining, the world is at ease (prices will come down). Keth. 80ᵇ, v. רַוְוחָא. B. Bath. 167ᵃ (suspecting an erasure in a document) מ"ט רְוִיחַ ליה עלמא להאי וי"ו why has this Vav so much space?, opp. דחוק; a. fr.—Y. Sabb. XX, end, 17ᵈ נפל ביתיה על מאן דרויח עליה his house fell in over him who felt at ease (?), v. צְנִינִים.—[
- 2. to make room. Targ. Is. XLIX, 20 רְוַח לי (prob. to be read: רַוַּח Pa.; h. text גְּשָׁה.]
- 1. to widen, make room; give comfort. Targ. Prov. XVIII, 16 (h. text ירחיב).—Part. pass. מְרַוַּוח; f. מְרַוְּוחָא; pl. מרַוְּוחִין; מְרַוְּוחָן, מְרַוְּח׳. Targ. Jer. XXII, 14.—
- 2. (denom. of רוּחַ) to inspire.—Part. pass. as ab. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXII, 24 [read:] מְרַוְּוחֵי רוּחִין בישין possessed by evil spirits.
- 1. to make room, widen; to relieve. Targ. Y. Gen. XXVI, 22. Targ. Lam. III, 56 לאַרְוָוחוּתְנִי (verbal noun); a. e.—Sabb. 151ᵇ האי כוחלא … מַרְוַוח (or מְרַוַּוח Pa.) stibium widens (improves the eye-sight) up to forty years of age, מכאן … אַרְוָחֵי לא מרווח after that … it preserves the eye-sight, but does not improve it; a. e.—Part. pass. מַרְוַוח open; vacant. Targ. II Chr. XXIII, 15. Targ. I Sam. XX, 25; 27 (h. text ויִפָּקֵד).
- 2. to make profit, gain. Y. Ned. V, end, 39ᵇ חד בר נש נדר דלא מַרְוַוח (not מרווחא) a man made a vow that he would make no profit (in business). Ib. [read:] א"ל מאי אשבעת א"ל דלא מַרְוַוחְנָא he asked him, what didst thou swear (not to do)? Said he, that I will make no profit (v. Asheri to Gitt. 35ᵇ).
- 3. to cause to profit. B. Mets. 73ᵃ bot. אנא נטרנא … ומרווחנא להו בכמה I wait for them (give them time to move) until Iyar, and thus I benefit them greatly; a. e.—Part. pass. מַרְוַוח. Ber. 56ᵃ מ׳ עסקך thy business will be profitable, opp. פסיד.
- a) אתר׳ ל־ to be relieved; to be better. Targ. I Sam. VI, 3. Ib. XVI, 23; a. e.—b) to be blessed (with issue, with increase of wealth). Targ. Gen. XX, 17. Targ. Y. ib. XXII, 20. Ib. XXV, 21. Ib. XXVI, 31.
רָוַח
- , v. sub רווח.
רוּחַ I
- to smell, v. רִיחַ.
רוּחַ II
- 1. wind, air; direction, side. Ex. R. s. 1522 שלשה בריות … המים והר׳ וכ׳ three creations preceded the formation of the world: water, air, and fire; הר׳ הרה וכ׳ the air (spirit) conceived and gave birth to wisdom. B. Mets. 107ᵇ הכל בר׳ all (diseases) are caused by the air. Ḥag. 12ᵃ עשרה … ר׳ ומים וכ׳ ten things were created on the first day: heaven …, air and water &c. Ib. 12ᵇ הרים בר׳ the mountains are sustained by the air, ר׳ בסערה the air by the wind-storm.—Ber. 31ᵃ יכול … לכל ר׳ שירצה you may think a man may pray facing any direction he may desire. B. Bath. 22ᵇ מר׳ אחת from one side. Ib. II, 9 לכל ר׳ עושה וכ׳ one may erect a tannery on any side of the town except the western. Ib. 25ᵇ ר׳ דרומית the southern wind. Kil. V, 5; a. v. fr.—Pl. רוּחוֹת. Ab. III, 17 שאפי׳ כל הר׳ וכ׳ even if all the winds were to come and blow at them &c. Kil. III, 1 בארבע ר׳ הערוגה on the four sides of the bed. Y. ib. VI, end, 30ᶜ מגופף מארבע רוּחוֹתָיו enclosed on its four sides. Pes. 94ᵃ לארבע ר׳ העולם he may turn towards any of the four directions of the world; a. v. fr.
- 2. mind, disposition, spirit. Ab. III, 10, v. נוּחַ h. Y. Peah I, 15ᶜ bot., a. e., v. הֲנָחָה. Ab. IV, 7, v. גַּס III. Ib. V, 19 ר׳ נמוכה a lowly spirit; a. v. fr.
- 3. spirit, soul. Gen. R. s. 7, end נפש חיה זה רוּחוֹ של וכ׳ ‘a living soul’ (Gen. II, 19), this means the soul of Adam. Gen. R. s. 2 ורוח אלהים זו רוחו וכ׳ ‘and the spirit of God’ (Gen. I, 2), this means the soul of the king Messiah; a. v. fr.—Esp. ר׳ הקדש (abbr. רוה"ק) the holy spirit, prophetic inspiration, intuition. Ab. Zar. 20ᵇ קדושה … רוה"ק sanctity (of life) leads to prophetic inspiration. Meg. 7ᵃ אסתר ברוה"ק וכ׳ the Book of Esther was composed in a spirit of prophecy. Yoma 9ᵇ משמתו … נסתלקה רוה"ק וכ׳ with the death of the last prophets, Haggai …, the prophetic spirit was withdrawn from Israel. Ber. 10ᵃ חזאי לי ברוה"ק וכ׳ I saw in a prophetic vision that unworthy children would go forth &c.; a. v. fr.—Snḥ. 65ᵇ, a. fr. ר׳ טומאה unholy inspiration (augury &c.). e.g. Genesis 2:19
- 4. (evil) spirit, demon. Pes. 112ᵃ ר׳ רעה (סכנת) the danger threatening from an evil spirit; a. fr.—ר׳ צרדה, ר׳ צרעת, ר׳ תזזית &c., v. respective determinants.—Pl. רוּחוֹת, רוּחִין. Gen. R. s. 20 ר׳ הזכרים male demons; ר׳ נקבות female demons. Erub. 18ᵇ הוליד ר׳ ושדין וכ׳ begot spirits and demons &c.; a. fr.
רִיחַ
- (b. h.) to breathe, waft, blow.—Denom. רוּחַ.
- to scent, smell. Gen. R. s. 34 הלך וַהֲרִיחָהּ (not וריחה) he went and smelled of it. Ib. (ref. to Gen. VIII, 21) ה׳ ריחו של אברהם וכ׳ he smelled the savor of Abraham, our father, rising from the fiery furnace (foresaw the self-sacrifice of Abraham); ה׳ דורו של שמד he smelled the savor of the generation of persecution (foresaw their martyrdom). Snh. 11ᵃ ה׳ ריח שום he perceived the smell of garlic. Zeb. 62ᵃ הֵרִיחוּ ריח קטרת they smelled the savor of frankincense (at the place where the Temple had stood). Nidd. 58ᵇ כל המוללו מֵרִיחַ בו whoever crushes it, smells its odor. Snh. 109ᵃ לערב באין ומְרִיחִין אותו וכ׳ in the evening they came and scented it (the balsam) like a dog. Yoma VIII, 4 עוברה שהֵרִיחָה וכ׳ a woman with child that smelled (a dish on the Day of Atonement, and has a morbid desire for it) must be given to eat, until she feels restored. B. Bath. 146ᵃ bot. ריח צנון אני מריח בגליל I smell a radish in Galilee (have a strong appetite for a Galilean radish); a. fr. e.g. Genesis 8:21
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 1 verse that also exists in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 1 Hebrew verse it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
