מָרוֹד
restlessness
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Construct-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct 1 time (33%)
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct 1 time (33%)
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute 1 time (33%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 3 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H4788 appears — 3 distinct verses across 2 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Isaiah 1 verse
Lamentations 2 verses
- Lamentations 1:7 וּ/מְרוּדֶ֔י/הָ conj + n c mp cs + sfx pers 3fs Jerusalem remembers in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that were from the days of old: When her people fell into the hand of the adversary, and none did help her, The adversaries saw her, they did mock at her desolations.
- Lamentations 3:19 וּ/מְרוּדִ֖/י conj + n c ms cs + sfx pers 1cs Remember my affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Hebrew noun מרוד centers on the idea of “restlessness.” It occurs a mere 3 verses across Scripture. The word gravitates to Lamentations (67%), then Isaiah. Debuting at Isaiah 58:7, it then recurs through the corpus. It shares a root with רוד and ארוד. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4788 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 3
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 3 distinct verses.
- 2 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 2 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #4,179
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 4,179 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 3 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Lamentations 2 verses 67%
- Isaiah 1 verse 33%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 3 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 2 verses · 67%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 1 verse · 33%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Are cast out 1×, Miseries 1×, Misery 1×
- American Standard Version: Are cast out 1×, Miseries 1×, Misery 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Wandering 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Wandering 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4788 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4788 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4788 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4788 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- restlessness, straying, wanderer, refugee
Word origin
[ מָרוֹד ] n.[m.] restlessness, straying (?)
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from רוד (rûwd) (H7300) — to roam.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
מָרוּד
- (יָרַד; cmp. יָרוּד), הַמָּ׳ the lowest, youngest. Gen. R. s. 23, beg. המ׳ שבכולם Ar. s. v. המרוד (ed. הבָּרוּר שבהם).
מָרוֹד
- (מָרַד I) rebel. Tosef. Maas. Sh. I, 5 מטבע מ׳ (not המטבע, Var. מדור, corr. acc.) a coin issued by a rebel (Bar Kokhba); Y. ib. I, 52ᵈ top, v. מָרַד I.
מָרוֹד ²
- Targ. Y. Lev. XXIV, 10. Targ. Y. I Num. XXIV, 19 (not מרורא); a. e.—Pl. מְרוֹדִין, מְרוֹדַיָּא. Targ. Job XXIV, 13 (ed. Wil. מָרְדִין; oth. ed. מוֹרְדִין). Targ. Is. XXX, 1; a. e.
מָרוֹד ³
- (or מְ׳) m. (מְרַד; cmp. יָרוֹד a. b. h. מָרוּד, pl. מְרוּדִים) running wild, esp. the wild ass. Targ. O. Gen. XVI, 12 (h. text פרא). Targ. Job. VI, 5 (Var. ערודאה). Ib. XXXIX, 5; a. e.—Pl. מְרוֹדַיָּא. Ib. XXIV, 5.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 3 distinct written forms H4788 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּ/מְרוּדִ֖/י | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Lamentations 3:19 | 1 |
| וּ/מְרוּדֶ֔י/הָ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct | Lamentations 1:7 | 1 |
| מְרוּדִ֖ים | Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute | Isaiah 58:7 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H4788, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 3 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 3 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
