גַּלְמוּד
barren
also: hard, harsh, bleak fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Adjective
- A word that describes or qualifies a noun.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 3 times (75%)
- Adjective, Adjective, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 1 time (25%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 4 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H1565 appears — 4 distinct verses across 2 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Job 3 verses
- Job 3:7 גַלְמ֑וּד adj Adjective ms Behold, let that night be barren. Let no joyful voice come therein.
- Job 15:34 גַּלְמ֑וּד adj Adjective ms For the company of the godless shall be barren, And fire shall consume the tents of bribery.
- Job 30:3 גַּ֫לְמ֥וּד adj Adjective ms They are gaunt from lack and famine. They gnaw the dry ground, in the gloom of waste and desolation.
Isaiah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
גלמוד — transliterated galmûwd — is a Hebrew adjective carrying the sense “barren.” A scarce word — 4 verses in all of the Hebrew Bible. Its uses cluster heavily in Job (75% of all occurrences). It first appears in Job 3:7. The lexical range runs to 3 senses — “barren” plus “hard”, “harsh”, and “bleak”. See the sense tree, 4-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H1565 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 4
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 4 distinct verses.
- 2 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 2 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #3,696
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 3,696 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 4 occurrences in the concordance →
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 4 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 3 verses · 75%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 1 verse · 25%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Am desolate 1×, Be solitary 1×, Shall be desolate 1×
- American Standard Version: Let that night be barren 1×, Seeing i have been bereaved of my children and am solitary 1×, Shall be barren 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Barren 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Barren 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H1565 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H1565 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H1565 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H1565 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 3 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- hard, barren, harsh, bleak
- harsh, bleak (of a company of wicked men)
- barren (of women)
Word origin
adj. hard, barren (NH id. lonely NHWB; Arabic جَلْمَدٌ rock, جَلْمَدَةٌ stony (of land); Aramaic גַּלְמוּדָה cf. BaNB 208)—ג׳ Jb 3:7 + 2 times Jb; f. גַּלְמוּדָה Is 49:21;—hard, barren, unproductive, mostly fig.: Jb 15:34 of company of wicked men, where prob. a subst. v. De Di; Jb 30:3 through want and famine (they are) stiff (lifeless; RV gaunt); of exiled Zion as bereaved and barren woman Is 49:21; so of night of Job’s birth Jb 3:7.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from גלם (gâlam) (H1563) — to wrap.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
גַּלְמוּד
- format., v. Fürst H. Dict. s. v.) like a shapeless, lifeless lump, whence (cmp. דמם) lonely, melancholy. Sot. 42ᵃ in the sea-towns קורין לנידה ג׳ they call the menstruous woman galmudah; R. Hash. 26ᵃ. Ib. (phonetic etymol.) גמולה (דא) מבעלה she is weaned (separated) from her husband; [Ar. ed. Pes. a. Ven. גלומה, which version, however, disagrees with the reference to Gen. XXI, 8 in Ar. s. v.]. Gen. R. s. 31; s. 34 (ref. to Job XXX, 3) when there is want in the world &c. ג׳ הוי רואה … כאילו ג׳ be lonely; look upon thy wife, as if she were menstruous; Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵈ עשה אשתך ג׳ make thy wife lonely. [Cmp. Snh. 22ᵇ, quot. s. v. גּוֹלֶם.] e.g. Genesis 21:8
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 4 distinct written forms H1565 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| גַלְמ֑וּד | Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Job 3:7 | 1 |
| גַּ֫לְמ֥וּד | Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Job 30:3 | 1 |
| גַּלְמ֑וּד | Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Job 15:34 | 1 |
| וְ/גַלְמוּדָ֑ה | Adjective, Adjective, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Isaiah 49:21 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H1565, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 4 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 4 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
