Joshua 21:40

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Joshua 21:40 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Joshua 21:40 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/joshua/21/40.

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English Translation
All [these were] the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    All [these were] the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were by their lot twelve cities.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    All of the cities for the sons of Merari according to their clans, the remaining ones from the clans of the Levites, were 12 cities their lot.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    All [these were] the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    In all, twelve cities were allotted to the clans of Merari, the remaining Levite clans.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    In all, twelve cities were allotted to the clans of Merari, the remaining Levite clans.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were by their lot twelve cities.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    All `these were' the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    So all the cities of the children of Merari according to their families (which were the rest of the families of the Leuites) were by their lot, twelue cities.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    With their suburbs, each distributed by the families.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    All the cities for the sons of Merari, for their families, who are left of the families of the Levites -- their lot is twelve cities.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    All the cities for the sons of Merari, for their families, who are left of the families of the Levites—their lot is twelve cities.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    All these were the cities of the several clans of Merari, who were from the tribe of Levi—twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    All of the cities for the sons of Merari according to their clans, the remaining ones from the clans of the Levites, were 12 cities their lot.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    [These were] all the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, which remained of the families of the Levites, and their lot was twelve cities.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites. Their lot was twelve cities.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were by their lot twelve cities.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    So in total twelve towns were allotted to the families of Merari, those remaining from the tribe of Levi.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    All these towns were given to the children of Merari by their families, that is, the rest of the families of the Levites; and their heritage was twelve towns.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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מְרָרִי֙
Mᵉrârîy
H4847
“Merari”
Noun, Proper
Part of Speech
Noun
Type
Proper
Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H4843

TWOT: None

Merari = "bitter" - the 3rd son of Levi and head of a Levitical family
  1. כָּל kôl H3605 “all of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  2. הֶ֨עָרִ֜ים ʻîyr H5892 “the · cities” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Absolute
  3. לִבְנֵ֤י bên H1121 “to/for · sons of” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  4. לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם mishpâchâh H4940 “to/for · families · their” Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
  5. הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים yâthar H3498 “the · remaining” Particle, Definite Article + Verb, Niphal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  6. מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת mishpâchâh H4940 “from · families of” Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct
  7. הַלְוִיִּ֑ם Lêvîyîy H3881 “the · Levites” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Gentilic, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  8. וַיְהִי֙ hâyâh H1961 “and · to be” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  9. גּוֹרָלָ֔ם gôwrâl H1486 “lot · their” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
  10. עָרִ֖ים ʻîyr H5892 “cities” Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Absolute
  11. שְׁתֵּ֥ים shᵉnayim H8147 “two” Adjective, Cardinal number, Feminine, Dual, Absolute
  12. עֶשְׂרֵֽה ʻâsâr H6240 “teen” Adjective, Cardinal number, Feminine, Singular, Absolute

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

13
words
11
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

מְרָרִי֙ Merari H4847 occurs in 38 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 2 verbs
  • 9 nouns
  • 2 adjectives

Verb forms

  • הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים Niphal · Participle Active
  • וַיְהִי֙ Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • הֶ֨עָרִ֜ים city H5892 ×2
  • לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם family H4940 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 29 words from the Hebrew and 98 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 13 Hebrew tokens and 21 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 98 words vs World English Bible 29. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Joshua 21:40 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

כָּל הֶ֨עָרִ֜ים לִבְנֵ֤י מְרָרִי֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים מִמִּשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֑ם וַיְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה

All [these were] the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Joshua 21:40 Septuagint · lemma form

πᾶς πόλις ὁ υἱός μεραρι κατά δῆμος αὐτός ὁ καταλείπω ἀπό ὁ φυλή λευι καί γίγνομαι ὁ ὅριον πόλις δέκα δύο

and their suburbs round about these cities: a city and the suburbs round about the city to all these cities: and Joshua ceased dividing the land by their borders: and the children of Israel gave a portion to Joshua because of the commandment of the Lord: they gave him the city which he asked: they gave him Thamnasachar in mount Ephraim; and Joshua built the city, and lived in it: and Joshua took the knives of stone, wherewith he circumcised the children of Israel that were born in the desert by the way, and put them in Thamnasachar.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    כָּל קִרְוַיָא לִבְנֵי מְרָרִי לְזַרְעֲיַתְהוֹן דִי אִשְׁתָּאֲרוּ מִזַרְעֲיַת לֵיוָאֵי וַהֲוָה עַדְבְהוֹן קִרְוִין תַּרְתֵּי עַסְרֵי:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Joshua 21:40 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

John Gill's Exposition

So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families,.... Which were distributed by lot to them, according to the number of their families, and were sufficient for them:

which were remaining of the families of the Levites; the last division of them, besides those of the Kohathites, Levites, and the Gershonites:

were by their lot twelve cities; four out of the tribe of Zebulun, four out of the tribe of Reuben, and four out of the tribe of Gad, whose names are before given,

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Families, the four great ones, which parcelled out the cities among the several branches. (Haydock) --- The Levites were only 23,000, (Numbers xxvi. 62,) yet they receive more cities than what are specified for any other tribe. It must be observed, however, that all the cities of the different tribes are not mentioned, and the Israelites might live along with those of the tribe of Levi, ver. 3. Moreover, these had only the cities, with 2000 cubits of land round them. The Septuagint here insert that Josue divided the land, and received the city of Thamnasachar; (Grabe substitutes Thamnasarach) where he deposited the knives of stone with which he had circumcised those who were born in the desert. (Haydock) --- They farther remark, that they were buried in his tomb, chap. xxiv. 30.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Joshua, in the Historical, opens this verse with 13 words (11 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Mᵉrârîy (“Merari”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “Merari” (Mᵉrârîy) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. How does Genesis 46:11, which shares the word «Merari», read alongside this verse?
  3. What does the repetition of “city” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  4. The Septuagint runs longer here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
  5. The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
  6. «הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים» is a Niphal Participle Active verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  7. Compare how John Gill's Exposition and Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.