וַיְמַלְאוּ ב֔וֹ אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ט֣וּרֵי אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָאֶחָֽד
They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row;
World English Bible · Public Domain
Exodus 39:10
Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Exodus 39:10 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
English Translation
They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row;
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Compare translations 3
The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.
Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.
Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.
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World English Bible Public Domain
They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row;
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King James Version Public Domain
And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And they set in it four rows of precious stones. The first row a row of a ruby, of a topaz, and of a garnet.
unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).
Show all 18 translations
Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.
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World English Bible Public Domain
They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row;
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Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
And they mounted on it four rows of gemstones: The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald;
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Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
And they mounted on it four rows of gemstones: The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald;
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King James Version Public Domain
And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.
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American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
And they set in it four rows of stones. A row of sardius, topaz, and carbuncle was the first row;
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Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
And they set in it four rows of stones: a row of sardius, topaz, and carbuncle was the first row.
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Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
And they filled it with foure rowes of stones. The order was thus, a Rubie, a Topaze, and a Carbuncle in the first rowe:
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Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
And he set four rows of precious stones in it. In the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and emerald.
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Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
And they fill in it four rows of stones; a row of a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle `is' the one row;
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Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
And they fill four rows of stones in it: a row of a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle [is] the first row;
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Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
They set in it four rows of precious stones. The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and a garnet.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And they set in it four rows of precious stones. The first row a row of a ruby, of a topaz, and of a garnet.
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Darby Bible Public Domain
And they set in it four rows of stones: [one] row, a sardoin, a topaz, and an emerald -- the first row;
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World Messianic Bible Public Domain
They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row;
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Webster's Bible Public Domain
And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.
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Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
They attached an arrangement of precious stones in four rows as follows. In the first row carnelian, peridot, and emerald.
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Bible in Basic English Public Domain
And on it they put four lines of stones: in the first line was a carnelian, a chrysolite, and an emerald;
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JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
And they set in it four rows of stones: a row of carnelian, topaz, and smaragd was the first row.
Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).
Word by word
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אֹ֤דֶם
ʼôdem
H124
“ruby”
Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- Appears 3× in the Hebrew Bible
- First appears at Exodus 28:17
- Part of Speech
- Noun
- Type
- Common
- Gender
- Masculine
- Number
- Singular
- State
- Absolute
Full BDB Definition
ruby, carnelian (redness)
- precious stone
- וַיְמַלְאוּ mâlêʼ H4390 “and · to fill” Conjunction + Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
- אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ʼarbaʻ H702 “four” Adjective, Cardinal number, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- ט֣וּרֵי ṭûwr H2905 “rows of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
- אָ֑בֶן ʼeben H68 “stone” Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
- ט֗וּר ṭûwr H2905 “row of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
- אֹ֤דֶם ʼôdem H124 “ruby” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- פִּטְדָה֙ piṭdâh H6357 “topaz” Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
- וּבָרֶ֔קֶת bâreqeth H1304 “and · emerald” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
- הַטּ֖וּר ṭûwr H2905 “the · row” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- הָאֶחָֽד ʼechâd H259 “the · one” Particle, Definite Article + Adjective, Cardinal number, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
About this verse
These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →
- 11
- words
- 8
- distinct lemmas
- Pentateuch
- section
Notable vocabulary
The rarest word here is אֹ֤דֶם ruby H124 — appearing just 3 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.
Shared distinctive vocabulary
אֹ֤דֶם ruby H124 occurs in 3 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:
Grammatical profile
- 1 verb
- 7 nouns
- 2 adjectives
- 1 preposition
Verb forms
- וַיְמַלְאוּ Piel · Sequential Imperfect
Repetition
A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:
- ט֣וּרֵי row H2905 ×3
Hebrew & Septuagint length
In English translation the verse runs 19 words from the Hebrew and 23 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.
A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.
Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.
In the original languages it is 11 Hebrew tokens and 12 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.
Cross-references
3Topical passages linked to Exodus 39:10 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.
- Exodus 28:16–17 It shall be square and folded double; a span shall be its length of it, and a span its breadth.
- Exodus 28:21 The stones shall be according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names; like the engravings of a signet, everyone according to his name, they shall be for the twelve tribes.
- Revelation 21:19–21 The foundations of the city's wall were adorned with all kinds of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, chalcedony; the fourth, emerald;
Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).
Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint
The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.
These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.
καί ποιέω ὁ υἱός ἰσραήλ καθά συντάσσω κύριος ὁ μωυσῆς οὕτως ποιέω
and the brazen appendage of the altar, and all the vessels of the altar, and all the instruments of the tabernacle of witness.
LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain
Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →
Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)
The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.
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Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
וְאַשְׁלִימוּ בֵהּ אַרְבְּעָא סִדְרֵי אֶבֶן טָבָא סִדְרָא קַדְמָאָה סַמְקָן יַרְקָן וּבַרְקָן סִדְרָא חָד:
(no public-domain English translation for this verse)
Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
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Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
וְאַשְׁלִימוּ בֵּיהּ אַרְבְּעָא סְדָרִין מַרְגַלְיַן טָבִן כָּל קְבֵיל אַרְבַּעַת טְרִיגוֹנִין דְּעַלְמָא סִדְרָא קַמְיָיתָא סַמּוּקְתָּא יְרוּקְתָא וּבַרְקָתָא סִדְרָא חָד וַעֲלֵיהוֹן חָקִיק וּמְפָרַשׁ שְׁמָהַת תְּלַת שִׁבְטַיָא רְאוּבֵן שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי
And they filled it with four rows of precious gems, (margalyan,) corresponding with the four corners of the world. The first row, carnelian, topaz, and carbuncle, row one: and upon them were engraven and expressed the names of three tribes, Reuben, Shimeon, and Levi.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Lesson kit
Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.
Exodus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 11 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼôdem (“ruby”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.
Discussion questions
- The word ʼôdem carries the sense “ruby.” How does it shape the verse?
- How does Exodus 28:17, which shares the word «ruby», read alongside this verse?
- What does the repetition of “row” (3× in this one verse) do in this verse?
- The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
- «וַיְמַלְאוּ» is a Piel Sequential Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
- Compare how Adam Clarke's Commentary and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?
Things to notice
- This verse counts 11 Hebrew ↔ 12 Greek words.
- These translations choose different wording for 6 words in this verse.
- “row” occurs 3× in this single verse.
- 8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 11 words in this verse.
Commentary
Notes on Exodus 39:10 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.
Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →
Adam Clarke's Commentary
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Pulpit Commentary
The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
unfoldingWord translationNotes
Door43 World Missions Community
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.