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1 Samuel 30:30

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 1 Samuel 30:30 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Cite this verse

1 Samuel 30:30 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/1-samuel/30/30.

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English Translation
and to those who were in Hormah, and to those who were in Borashan, and to those who were in Athach,
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and to those who were in Hormah, and to those who were in Borashan, and to those who were in Athach,
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chorashan, and to them which were in Athach,
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and to who in Hormah and to who in Bor Ashan and to who in Athach

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and to those who were in Hormah, and to those who were in Borashan, and to those who were in Athach,
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    to those in Hormah, Bor-ashan, and Athach;
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    to those in Hormah, Bor-ashan, and Athach;
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chorashan, and to them which were in Athach,
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    and to them that were in Hormah, and to them that were in Bor-ashan, and to them that were in Athach,
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    and to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Cor-ashan, and to them which were in Athach;
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And to them of Hormah, and to them of Chor-ashan, and to them of Athach,
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And that were in Arama, and that were in the lake Asan, and that were in Athach,
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    and to those in Hormah, and to those in Chor-Ashan, and to those in Athach,
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    and to those in Hormah, and to those in Chor-Ashan, and to those in Athach,
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    and to those who were in Hormah, and to those who were in Bor Ashan, and to those who were in Athak,
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and to who in Hormah and to who in Bor Ashan and to who in Athach
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    and to those in Hormah, and to those in Chor-ashan, and to those in Athach,
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    to those who were in Hormah, to those who were in Borashan, to those who were in Athach,
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And to them who were in Hormah, and to them who were in Chor-ashan, and to them who were in Athach,
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Hormah, Bor-ashan, Athach,
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And to those who were in Hormah and in Bor-ashan and in Athach;
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    and to them that were in Hormah, and to them that were in Bor-ashan, and to them that were in Athach;

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

7
words
4
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

  • בַּעֲתָֽךְ Athach H6269

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • בְּבוֹר Chor-ashan H3565
  • בַּעֲתָֽךְ Athach H6269

Grammatical profile

  • 4 nouns
  • 3 particles

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • בְּבוֹר Chor-ashan H3565 ×2
  • וְלַאֲשֶׁ֧ר which H834 ×3

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 21 words from the Hebrew and 15 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 7 Hebrew tokens and 12 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

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Cross-references

4

Topical passages linked to 1 Samuel 30:30 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Judges 1:17 Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they struck the Canaanites who inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. The name of the city was called Hormah.
  • Joshua 19:4 and Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,
  • Numbers 14:45 Then the Amalekite came down, and the Canaanite who lived in that mountain, and struck them and beat them down, even to Hormah.
  • Joshua 15:42 Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan,

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 15 words vs World English Bible 21. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 1 Samuel 30:30 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְלַאֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּחָרְמָ֛ה וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבוֹר עָשָׁ֖ן וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּעֲתָֽךְ

and to those who were in Hormah, and to those who were in Borashan, and to those who were in Athach,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 1 Samuel 30:30 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ὁ ἐν ιεριμουθ καί ὁ ἐν βηρσαβεε καί ὁ ἐν νοο

and to those in Jerimuth, and to those in Bersabee, and to those in Nombe,

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וּלְדִי בְחָרְמָה וּלְדִי בְּכוֹר עָשָׁן וּלְדִי בַּעֲתָךְ:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 1 Samuel 30:30 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

1Sa 30:30 And to [them] which [were] in Hormah, and to [them] which [were] in Chorashan, and to [them] which [were] in Athach,

Ver. 30. Chorashan.] Called also Ashan. {Jos 19:7}

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 30. Hormah] The general name of those cities which belonged to Arad, king of Canaan; and were devoted to destruction by the Hebrews, and thence called Hormah. See Nu 21:1-3.

In Chor-ashan] Probably the same as Ashan in the tribe of Judah: see Jos 15:42. It was afterwards ceded to Simeon, Jos 19:7.

To them which were in Athach] Probably the same as Ether, Jos 19:7.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(30) Hormah . . . Chor-ashan . . . Athach.—Hormah, called by the Canaanites Zephath, still exists in the modern village of Zep-ata. Chor-ashan is probably the same as Ashan (Jos_15:30): it has not been discovered in modern times. Athach is quite unknown.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

30. Hormah] Or Zephath (Jdg_1:17), an ancient Canaanite city (Jos_12:14), assigned to Judah (Jos_15:30) and transferred to Simeon (Jos_19:4).

Chor-ashan] The true reading is Bor-ashan (= Cistern of Ashan). It was doubtless the same as Ashan, a Simeonite city in the Negeb originally given to Judah (Jos_15:42; Jos_19:7).

Athach] Nowhere else mentioned. Perhaps a corruption for Ether, the letters of which are very similar, (Jos_15:42, where the Sept. reads Ithak; 1Sa_19:7), another city of Judah transferred to Simeon.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And to them which were in Hormah,.... This was a city also in the tribe of Judah; of which see Jos 15:30,

and to them which were in Chorashan; or the lake of Ashan, which was in the same tribe, see Jos 15:42,

and to them which were in Athach; nowhere else mentioned; the Greek version has Nombe instead of it, which some take to be the same with Nob; but that was in the tribe of Benjamin.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Chor-ashan - Perhaps the same as Ashan Jos 15:42, in the Shephelah of Judah, inhabited by Simeonites, and one of the priests’ cities 1Ch 4:32; 1Ch 6:59.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Arama, or Horma. Numbers xxi. 3. --- Lake. Hebrew, "at Chor Aschan." It is called Asan, Josue xv. 42., and xix. 7. --- Athach, or Athar, Josue xix. 7.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

30. Hormah — A city formerly inhabited by Canaanites and called Zephath. Robinson identified it with the pass es-Sufah, some forty miles south of Hebron, but Professor E.H. Palmer finds a much more probable identification of it in the extensive ruins, twenty-five miles southwest of Beer-sheba, called Sebaita. The ruins cover an area of about five hundred yards long and from two hundred to three hundred yards wide. See on Jdg_1:17. Chorashan and Athach are now unknown.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Hormah. Anciently called Zephath. For the reason of the change of name see Jud_1:17. Chor-ashan. More correctly Corashan, the same place as Ashan, (Jos_15:42) a Simeonite town (1Ch_4:32) assigned to the priests. (Jos_6:5-9) Athach, never mentioned elsewhere, may be a false reading for Ether (Jos_19:7).

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

1 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 7 words (4 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʻĂthâk (“Athach”). The Greek Septuagint runs shorter here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “Athach” (ʻĂthâk) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. This verse holds 1 word here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare word draw attention to?
  3. 2 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
  4. Judges 1:17 shares this passage’s theme. How do the two illuminate each other?
  5. “Chor-ashan” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
  6. Compared with the Hebrew, the Septuagint runs shorter here. What questions does that raise?
  7. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  8. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Adam Clarke's Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

  • 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
  • 2 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
  • This verse counts 7 Hebrew ↔ 12 Greek words.
  • These translations choose different wording for 6 words in this verse.
  • “Chor-ashan” occurs 2× in this single verse.

Reading settings

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Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.