1 Chronicles 1:6

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Diphath, and Togarmah.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Word by word

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וְדִיפַ֖ת

Rîyphath

H7384

“and · Riphath”

Conjunction + Noun, Proper

Appears 2× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 10:3

Full BDB Definition

Origin: of foreign origin

TWOT: None

Riphath = "spoken" - the 2nd son of Gomer

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

5: words
5: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וְדִיפַ֖ת Riphath H7384 — appearing just 2 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וְדִיפַ֖ת Riphath H7384 occurs in 2 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Genesis 10:3

Grammatical profile

5 nouns

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 9 words from the Hebrew and 10 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 5 Hebrew tokens and 8 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 1 Chronicles 1:6 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Genesis 10:3 The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 1 Chronicles 1:6 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְדִיפַ֖ת וְתוֹגַרְמָֽה

The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Diphath, and Togarmah.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 1 Chronicles 1:6 Septuagint · lemma form

καί υἱός γαμερ ασχαναζ καί ριφαθ καί θοργαμα

And the sons of Gamer, Aschanaz, and Riphath, and Thorgama.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 1 Chronicles 1:6 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

Or, Riphath.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 6. To this verse the Targum adds, "And the names of their countries were Asia, and Persia, and Barbary."

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

6. Ashchenaz] R.V. Ashkenaz, as in Gen_10:3. In Jer_51:27 “the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni and Ashkenaz” are to be summoned against Babylon. Ararat being Armenia, and Minni (= Mannai of the Assyrian monuments) being a neighbour of Armenia, Ashkenaz also is probably a neighbour of Armenia and to be sought on the N. or E. of Cappadocia, the seat of its “father” Gomer.

Riphath] so LXX. and Vulg. R.V. Diphath, following the Heb. text which however has a note added that another reading is “Riphath.” The letters D and R are easily confused in Hebrew. Nothing certain is known of either Riphath or Diphath.

Togarmah] In Eze_27:14 Togarmah is mentioned (after “Javan, Tubal, and Meshech,” Eze_27:13) as trading with Tyre in horses, war-horses and mules, and in Eze_38:6 mention is made of “the house of Togarmah in the uttermost parts of the north, and all his hordes” in connexion with “Gomer and all his hordes.” The geographical position of Togarmah is unknown, but it must have been a neighbour of Gomer, Tubal and Meshech.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Riphath. Hebrew begins with D. (Calmet) --- But the Protestants correct it (Haydock) according to the book of Genesis and the Septuagint. The two letters are very much alike.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Riphath, or Diphath; for those two Hebrew letters which answer to our D and R, being very like, are oft confounded and exchanged, as 1Ch 1:7,41,46,50.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

Ashkenaz and Diphath (with a “daleth”), but in the Pentateuch it is written (Gen. 10:3): “... and Riphath,” because in the beginning they were weak (רָפִים), and they did not overpower Israel, but at the end they were filled with disgrace (דֹּפִי) and evil.

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 5 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Rîyphath (“Riphath”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “Riphath” (Rîyphath) shape what this verse is saying?
Genesis 10:3 shares the word «Riphath» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
Reading how Geneva Bible (1599) and Adam Clarke's Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 5 Hebrew ↔ 8 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
5 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 5 words in this verse.