שָׂהֵד
witness
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H7717 appears — 1 distinct verse across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Job 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, שהד (sâhêd) means “witness.” A scarce word — 1 verse in all of the Hebrew Bible. Its uses cluster heavily in Job (100% of all occurrences). Found nowhere else but Job 16:19. From the same root come יגר שהדותא. Dig into 1-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7717 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1 distinct verse.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #6,101
- by frequency
- Rank #6,101 (rank 6,101 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 1 occurrence in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Job 1 verse 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1 distinct verse.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Record 1×
- American Standard Version: He that voucheth 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Advocate 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Advocate 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7717 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7717 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7717 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7717 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- witness
Word origin
Origin: from an unused root meaning to testify
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
סְהֵד
- (v. עוּד, a. וָדָה; Sam. סעד, סהד, v. Sam. Pent. Gen. XXXI, 52; cmp. also סעד = עַד ib. VII, 16; for interch. of ע a. ו a. ה, v. letters ה a. ו) to be sure, be present; to witness e.g. Genesis 31:52
- (corresp. to b. h. הֵעִיד)
- 1. to testify. Targ. O. Ex. XX, 13; a. fr.—Keth. 21ᵃ א׳ אחתימות v. חֲתִימוּתָא. Ib. לא צריך איהו לאַסְהוּדֵי וכ׳ he would not need to identify his own signature; ואזל איהו והאי ומַסְהֲדֵי וכ׳ (or ומְסַהֲדֵי Pa.) and thus he and the other man might identify the signature of that man (the deceased); a. v. fr.
- 2. to call to witness; to give warning. Targ. Deut. IV, 26. Targ. Ps. LXXXI, 9. Targ. II Chr. XXXIII, 10; a. fr.
- same,
- 1. to testify. Targ. Y. Ex. XX, 13; a. e.—Keth. 21ᵃ מְסַהֲדֵי, v. supra. Y. Snh. I, 18ᵇ top איתא שַׂהַד עלי come, testify in my behalf. Y. Shebu. VI, end, 37ᵇ כאינש … דלא יְשַׂהֲדוּן like one that ties up the mouth of witnesses that they may not testify; a. fr.
- 2. to warn. Targ. Y. Gen. XLIII, 3 מְסַהֲדָא אַסְהֵיד; a. e.
- warning has been given. Targ. Ex. XXI, 29.
שָׂהֵד
- , v. sub סה׳.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H7717, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 1 verse that also exists in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 1 Hebrew verse it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
