כִּיד
ruin
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H3589 appears — 1 distinct verse across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Job 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
כיד — transliterated kîyd — is a Hebrew noun carrying the sense “ruin.” The Hebrew Bible uses it only 1 verse. Its uses cluster heavily in Job (100% of all occurrences). A true hapax — its single appearance is Job 21:20. Sharing its root, it stands alongside כידוד and כידון. See the sense tree, 1-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3589 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1 distinct verse.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #6,101
- by frequency
- Rank #6,101 (rank 6,101 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 1 occurrence in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Job 1 verse 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1 distinct verse.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Destruction 1×
- American Standard Version: Destruction 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Own destruction 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Destruction 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3589 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3589 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3589 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3589 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- ruin, destruction
Word origin
[ כִּיד ] n.[m.] only Jb 21:20, meaning unknown; rd. prob. his misfortune
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: from a primitive root meaning to strike
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
יָד
- f. (rarely m.) (b. h.;
- 1. hand; forefoot; handle. Ex. R. s. 42, end מיד ליד from hand to hand, directly, opp. ע"י שלוחו through his messenger.—י׳ רחבה a wide hand, liberality. Y. Ḥag. I, 76ᶜ top עני ויָדוֹ ר׳ a poor man who is liberal, opp. י׳ מעוטה stingy.—Ḥull. 58ᵇ, a. fr. בְּיָד on the forefoot (of a quadruped).—Ukts. I, 1 כל שהוא יד ולא שזמר whatever part of a fruit serves as a handle (as the stem) and not as a protector (as the shell of a nut &c.). Kel. XXIX, 4 יַד הקורדום the handle of an ax; a. v. fr.—Cant. R. to I, 4 לא חלתה יד ליד hand does not fit hand, i.e. the two cases are incongruous.—Trnsf. an intimation, an incomplete statement intelligible from context, surroundings &c. Y. Ned. I, 36ᵈ top תופסין אותו משם יד לקרבן we make him responsible because what he said is suggestive of the word korban (as a vow); a. fr.—Du. יָדַיִם; pl. יָדוֹת. Yad. I, 1 נותנין לי׳ is required for pouring on the hands. Ib. II, 3 הי׳ מטמאות וכ׳ hands (when being washed) become unclean or clean up to the wrist; a. v. fr.—י׳ יפות, v. יָפֶה.—Ned. 2ᵇ ידות נדרים (or ידות) suggestions of vows, contrad. to כינויים, v. כִּינּוּי. Ib. 5ᵇ, a. fr. י׳ שאין מוכיחות לא הויין י׳ suggestions which are not beyond doubt, are no (binding) suggestions; a. fr.
- 2. power, authority, possession, share. B. Mets. 70ᵇ, v. אֶמְצַע. Kidd. 3ᵇ קטנה דלית לה יד וכ׳ a minor who cannot accept a betrothal for herself. Ned. 88ᵇ יד אשה כיד בעלה the wife’s possession is her husband’s possession. Kidd. 23ᵃ גיטו ויָדוֹ באים כאחד his letter of manumission and his right of self-disposal come simultaneously. Yeb. 39ᵃ; Keth. 83ᵃ ידו כיָדָהּ the husband’s right of disposal is as great as the wife’s (concerning what belongs to her); ידו עדיפא מידה his rights are stronger than hers. B. Mets. VI, 2 יָדָן על התחתונה their rights are the lowest, i.e. they are responsible for losses but can derive no benefits from favorable chances; ib. כל המשנה ידו על התחתונה וכ׳ whichever side changes the agreement is at a disadvantage, and whichever side breaks the agreement &c.; a. v. fr.—Du. יָדַיִם, constr. יְדֵי. Ab. Zar. 41ᵇ, a. e. מִירֵי ודאי, v. וַדַּאי.—יְדֵי חובתו, v. יָצָא.
- 3. portion, part.—Pl. יָדוֹת. Tosef. Men. IX, 10 שתי י׳ two thirds; a. fr.—מִיַּד (= מיד ליד) at once, directly, immediately. Tosef. Dem. VIII, 7, v. חָלַל Hif.—Y. Pes. VI, 33ᵃ מיד כל מי וכ׳ presently, every one whose Passover offering was a lamb &c.; a. v. fr.— עַל יַד, על יְדֵי (abbr. ע"י) through, by means of. Gitt. 40ᵇ שמא זיכה לו ע"י אחר he may have benefitted him (given him his liberty) through the agency of another person (without the slave’s knowledge). Nidd. I, 1 מעת לעת ממעטת ע"ו וכ׳ the period of twenty four hours is modified by the interval between one examination and the other (if that interval is less than twenty four hours); a. v. fr.—על ידי ש־ because. Lev. R. s. 32 ע"י שגדרו וכ׳ because the Israelites guarded themselves against unchastity, they were redeemed; a. v. fr.—עַל יָד עַל יָד gradually, little by little. B. Kam. 80ᵃ (opp. מיד); Tosef. ib. VIII, 15. Par. VIII, 7 Hai G. (ed. only once ע"י).—כלאחר יד, v. אַחַי.—יָדַיִם Yadayim, name of a treatise of the Mishnah and Tosefta, of the Order of Tohăroth, containing the laws of levitical cleanness or uncleanness of the hands.
יַד
- Targ. Num. XXXV, 17; a. fr.—V. אִידָא.—Kidd. 30ᵃ top אַדְּיָדָךְ על וכ׳ while thy hand yet rests on thy son’s neck (as long as you have control over him). Ab. Zar. 15ᵃ אַיָּדָא דספסירא (= h. על ידי) through an agent; a. fr.—Pl. יָדִין, יָדַיָּא. Targ. Ez. XXI, 12 (ed. Wil. יְדֵין). Targ. Is. XIII, 7; a. fr.—עַל יַד, על יְדֵי, v. preced. Targ. Ps. LXXXIX, 20. Targ. Y. Num. XXXIII, 1; a. fr.—על יְדֵי ד־ = h. ע"י ש־. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLIV, 18.—מִן יַד, מִיַּד, v. preced. Targ. Y. Gen. I, 3. Targ. Ps. LIX, 12; a. e.
כַּד I
- (a comp. of כ a. ד, corresp. to h. כַּאֲשֶׁר or כְּשֶׁ־) when, as, as though. Targ. Ex. XVII, 11. Targ. Ps. CXIX, 109 כיד על גב Ms. (ed. only ע"ג) as though (carried) on &c.; a. v. fr.—Targ. Is. XXIX, 15 כִּדְבְּקִבְלָא (ed. Lag. כיד בק׳) as though in darkness. Targ. O. Num. XXIX, 18 כדחזי, v. חֲזִי, as it is proper; a. fr.—Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ top. Y. Yoma VII, 44ᵇ top כד דהיא וכ׳ when there is &c. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵃ bot. כד הוינן; Y. Meg. III, 74ᵇ bot. כרי דהוינן, v. נְהַר I. B. Kam. 52ᵃ (prov.) כד רגיז וכ׳ when the shepherd is angry with his flock, he makes a blind sheep the leader. Ib. 64ᵇ, a. fr. כִּדְּאַמְרֵי וכ׳ as they say &c. Ib. 64ᵇ כִּדְּתָנָא דבי וכ׳ as (that which) the scholars of the school of … said. Ib. מיבעי ליה לכִדְּתָנִי it is needed for (something like) what has been taught. Ib. לְכִדְּרָבָא for what Raba said. B. Mets. 99ᵇ כדרבא agreeably to what R. said; a. v. fr.—[Num. R. s. 14 א"ת כדרבונות אלא כִּדֵּרַבָּניּת read not (Koh. XII, 11) kaddarbonoth, but kidd’rabbanuth, like a command of authority.] e.g. Ecclesiastes 12:11
כִּיד
- , Pi. כִּיֵּיד, v. כִּיר.
כִּיד ²
- , v. כַּד I
כִּיר
- , Pi. (כִּיֵּיד) כִּיֵּיר (denom. of כִּירָה II or of כַּד II) [to do the work of the stove-setter or of the potter (כַּיָּיר or כַּיָּיד, v. בִּרְכַּיָּיר),] to cement; to lay out with tiles, panels &c. [Ar. reads ר, editions mostly ד.] B. Kam. 51ᵃ bot. אחד … וסייד וכ׳ (Ms. F. וסייר וכייר) if one dug a pit ten handbreadths deep, and another came and lined it with plaster and cemented it; Mekh. Mishp., N’zik., s. 11. Ab. Zar. III, 7 (47ᵇ) סיידו וכִיְּירוֹ לאליל Mish. (Bab. ed. וכיידו לע"ז) he plastered the room and put tiles on (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Abacus) designing it for idolatrous purposes. Ib. סיידה וכִיְּירָהּ וכ׳ (Ms. M. וציירה) if one plastered and stuccoed a stone (slab) for an idolatrous purpose. Gen. R. s. 28 סיידה וכיירה וציירה he plastered and panelled and painted the wedding chamber; Lam. R. to IV, 11 וכיידה. Tosef. Sot. VIII, 7 כִּיְּירוּהוּ וסיידוהו וכ׳ (Var. כִּיְּדוּהָ, כִּיְּרוּהָ) they panelled the stone and stuccoed it and wrote upon it. B. Bath. 60ᵇ אין מסיידין ואין מְכַיְּירִין וכ׳ we must not decorate our rooms with plaster, panels and paintings in these days (after the destruction of the Temple); Tosef. ib. II, 17.—Part. pass. מְכוּיָּיר, f. מְכוּיֶּירֶת. Ib.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3589, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 1 verse that also exists in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 1 Hebrew verse it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
