Genesis 39:18

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

and it happened, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment by me, and ran outside."

World English Bible · Public Domain

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אֶצְלִ֖י

ʼêtsel

H681

“beside · me”

Preposition + Suffix, Personal, 1st Person, Common, Singular

Appears 61× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 39:10

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H680 (in the sense of joining)

TWOT: 153a

beside, by, near, nearness, joining, proximity - (BDB) (substantive) - conjunction, proximity - beside, in proximity, contiguous to, from beside

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

9: words
9: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Grammatical profile

5 verbs
3 nouns
1 preposition

Verb forms

וַיְהִ֕י Qal · Sequential Imperfect
כַּהֲרִימִ֥י Hiphil · Infinitive Construct
וָאֶקְרָ֑א Qal · Sequential Imperfect
וַיַּעֲזֹ֥ב Qal · Sequential Imperfect
וַיָּ֥נָס Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 21 words from the Hebrew and 23 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Genesis 39:18 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיְהִ֕י כַּהֲרִימִ֥י קוֹלִ֖י וָאֶקְרָ֑א וַיַּעֲזֹ֥ב בִּגְד֛וֹ אֶצְלִ֖י וַיָּ֥נָס הַחֽוּצָה

and it happened, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment by me, and ran outside."

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Genesis 39:18 Septuagint · lemma form

ὡς δέ ἀκούω ὅτι ὑψόω ὁ φωνή ἐγώ καί βοάω καταλείπω ὁ ἱμάτιον αὐτός παρά ἐγώ καί φεύγω καί ἐκἔρχομαι ἔξω

And when he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, having left his clothes with me, he fled and departed forth.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וַהֲוָה כַּד אֲרֵימִית קָלִי וּקְרֵית וְשָׁבְקֵהּ לִלְבוּשֵׁהּ לְוָתִי וַעֲרַק לְשׁוּקָא

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וַהֲוָה כַּד אֲרֵימִית קָלִי וּקְרֵית וְשַׁבְקֵיהּ לִלְבוּשֵׁיהּ לְוָתִי וְעָרִיק לְשׁוּקָא

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Genesis 39:18 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Gen 39:18 And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled out.

Ver. 18. {See Trapp on "Gen 39:15"}

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried,.... For help from the servants, and frightened at his insolent attempt:

that he left his garment with me, and fled out; and then she brought it forth, and showed him it.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

An improbable story, and an evidence that the violence was on her side; otherwise, if he had attempted violence upon her person, he would not have forborne violence to the recovery of his garment, which he very well knew might be made a pretence against him.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Genesis, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 9 words (9 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼêtsel (“beside”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “beside” (ʼêtsel) shape what this verse is saying?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
«וַיְהִ֕י» is a Qal Sequential Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and John Gill's Exposition read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 14 words in this verse.
9 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 9 words in this verse.