1 Chronicles 2:31

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 1 Chronicles 2:31 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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1 Chronicles 2:31 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/1-chronicles/2/31.

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English Translation
The sons of Appaim: Ishi. The sons of Ishi: Sheshan. The sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 3 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    The sons of Appaim: Ishi. The sons of Ishi: Sheshan. The sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And the children of Sheshan; Ahlai.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And the sons of Appaim: Ishi. And the sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And the sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    The sons of Appaim: Ishi. The sons of Ishi: Sheshan. The sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    The son of Appaim: Ishi. The son of Ishi: Sheshan. The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    The son of Appaim: Ishi. The son of Ishi: Sheshan. The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And the children of Sheshan; Ahlai.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim: Ishi. And the sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And the sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And the sons of Sheshan; Ahlai.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And the sonne of Appaim was Ishi, and the sonne of Ishi, Sheshan, and the sonne of Sheshan, Ahlai.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    But the son of Apphaim was Jesi: and Jesi beget Sesan. And Sesan beget Oholai.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And sons of Appaim: Ishi. And sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And sons of Appaim: Ishi. And sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    The son of Appaim was Ishi. The son of Ishi was Sheshan. The son of Sheshan was Ahlai.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And the sons of Appaim: Ishi. And the sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And the sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim: Jishi; and the sons of Jishi: Sheshan; and the sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    The son of Appaim: Ishi. The son of Ishi: Sheshan. The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And the children of Sheshan; Ahlai.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    The son of Appaim: Ishi, the father of Sheshan. Sheshan was the father of Ahlai.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim: Ishi. And the sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And the sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And the sons of Appaim: Ishi. And the sons of Ishi: Sheshan. And the sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

9
words
5
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is אַפַּ֖יִם Appaim H649 — appearing just 2 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • יִשְׁעִ֑י Ishi H3469
  • שֵׁשָׁ֔ן Sheshan H8348
  • אַחְלָֽי Ahlai H304

Shared distinctive vocabulary

אַפַּ֖יִם Appaim H649 occurs in 2 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 9 nouns

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • וּבְנֵ֥י son H1121 ×3
  • יִשְׁעִ֑י Ishi H3469 ×2
  • שֵׁשָׁ֔ן Sheshan H8348 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 15 words from the Hebrew and 18 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 9 Hebrew tokens and 12 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

1

Topical passages linked to 1 Chronicles 2:31 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • 1 Chronicles 2:34–35 Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 1 Chronicles 2:31 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וּבְנֵ֥י אַפַּ֖יִם יִשְׁעִ֑י וּבְנֵ֤י יִשְׁעִי֙ שֵׁשָׁ֔ן וּבְנֵ֥י שֵׁשָׁ֖ן אַחְלָֽי

The sons of Appaim: Ishi. The sons of Ishi: Sheshan. The sons of Sheshan: Ahlai.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 1 Chronicles 2:31 Septuagint · lemma form

καί υἱός αφφαιμ ισεμιηλ καί υἱός ισεμιηλ σωσαν καί υἱός σωσαν αχλαι

And the sons of Apphain, Isemiel; and the sons of Isemiel, Sosan; and the sons of Sosan, Dadai.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 1 Chronicles 2:31 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Joseph Benson's Commentary

1Ch 2:31. The sons of Appaim, Ishi — The plural number is often used, when one son or daughter only is spoken of, for in that one, all the posterity are comprehended. Ahlai — It is plain from 1Ch 2:34-35, that this Ahlai was not a son, but a daughter.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

Who died while his father was alive, and therefore it is said, verse 34, that Sheshan had no sons.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(31) The children of Sheshan; Ahlai.—See Note on 1Ch_1:41, “Dishon.” Ahlai is the name of a clan, not of an individual. Others would explain such phrases by assuming that “sons of so-and-so” is a conventional expression, used even where only one person has to be registered; or that the chronicler has in such cases abbreviated the contents of his source, by omitting all the names but one. Both assumptions are antiquated.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

31. the children of Sheshan; Ahlai] Ahlai is perhaps a gentilic name, not the name of an individual. Cp. 1Ch_2:34.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And the sons of Hebron: Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema. One of these, Tappuah, is the name of a city in the tribe of Judah, Jos 15:34 and there is also Bethtappuah in the same tribe, Ch1 2:53 which one, or both, might have their name from this man; and Shema also, Ch1 2:26.

.

1 Chronicles 2:44

ch1 2:44

ch1 2:44

ch1 2:44And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkoam,.... Which Hillerus (s) takes to be the name of a city in the tribe of Judah; and Jarchi's note is, that wherever the word "father" is here used, it is to be understood of the prince of a city that follows:

and Rekem begat Shammai; there is a descendant of Jerahmeel, the brother of Caleb, of this name, Ch1 2:28.

(s) Onomast. Sacr. p. 329.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Oholai, a daughter, (ver. 34.; Tirinus) unless this son died before his father. (Vatable)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

The sons of Appaim; an expression oft used, both afterwards in this verse, and elsewhere, and in profane authors too, where there is but one son. It is an enallage of the number, which is frequent in the Hebrew.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

The sons - An expression often used in prophane authors too, where there is but one son.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

And the sons of Hebron: Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema. One of these, Tappuah, is the name of a city in the tribe of Judah, Jos 15:34 and there is also Bethtappuah in the same tribe, Ch1 2:53 which one, or both, might have their name from this man; and Shema also, Ch1 2:26.

.

1 Chronicles 2:44

ch1 2:44

ch1 2:44

ch1 2:44And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkoam,.... Which Hillerus (s) takes to be the name of a city in the tribe of Judah; and Jarchi's note is, that wherever the word "father" is here used, it is to be understood of the prince of a city that follows:

and Rekem begat Shammai; there is a descendant of Jerahmeel, the brother of Caleb, of this name, Ch1 2:28.

(s) Onomast. Sacr. p. 329.

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 9 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼAppayim (“Appaim”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “Appaim” (ʼAppayim) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. 3 words make their first appearance in Scripture here. What does this debut establish?
  3. How does 1 Chronicles 2:30, which shares the word «Appaim», read alongside this verse?
  4. What does the repetition of “son” (3× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  5. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  6. Compare how Joseph Benson's Commentary and Geneva Bible (1599) read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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