יְט֥וּר נָפִ֖ישׁ וָקֵ֑דְמָה אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
World English Bible · Public Domain
1 Chronicles 1:31
Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 1 Chronicles 1:31 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
English Translation
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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Compare translations 3
The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.
Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.
Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.
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World English Bible Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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King James Version Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These they, the sons of Ishmael. q1
unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).
Show all 18 translations
Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.
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World English Bible Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These were the sons of Ishmael.
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Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These were the sons of Ishmael.
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King James Version Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
Ietur, Naphish and Kedemah: these are the sonnes of Ishmael.
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Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
Jetur, Naphis, Cedma: these are the sons of Ismahel.
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Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedema. These are sons of Ishmael.
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Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedema. These are sons of Ishmael.
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Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These were Ishmael's sons.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These they, the sons of Ishmael. q1
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Darby Bible Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedmah: those are the sons of Ishmael.
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World Messianic Bible Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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Webster's Bible Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These were Ishmael's sons.
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Bible in Basic English Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael.
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JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
Jetur, Naphish, and Kedem. These are the sons of Ishmael.
Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).
Word by word
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Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →
וָקֵ֑דְמָה
Qêdᵉmâh
H6929
“and · Kedemah”
Conjunction + Noun, Proper
- Appears 2× in the Hebrew Bible
- First appears at Genesis 25:15
- Part of Speech
- Conjunction + Noun
- Type
- Proper
Full BDB Definition
Kedemah = "original"
- the youngest son of Ishmael
- יְט֥וּר Yᵉṭûwr H3195 “Jetur” Noun, Proper
- נָפִ֖ישׁ Nâphîysh H5305 “Naphish” Noun, Proper
- וָקֵ֑דְמָה Qêdᵉmâh H6929 “and · Kedemah” Conjunction + Noun, Proper
- אֵ֥לֶּה ʼêl-leh H428 “these” Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural
- הֵ֖ם hêm H1992 “they” Pronoun, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
- בְּנֵ֥י bên H1121 “sons of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
- יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל Yishmâʻêʼl H3458 “Ishmael” Noun, Proper
About this verse
These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →
- 7
- words
- 7
- distinct lemmas
- Historical
- section
Notable vocabulary
The rarest word here is וָקֵ֑דְמָה Kedemah H6929 — appearing just 2 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.
Shared distinctive vocabulary
וָקֵ֑דְמָה Kedemah H6929 occurs in 2 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:
Grammatical profile
- 5 nouns
- 2 pronouns
Hebrew & Septuagint length
In English translation the verse runs 10 words from the Hebrew and 9 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.
A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.
Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.
Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint
The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.
These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.
καί οὗτος ὁ βασιλεύς αὐτός βαλακ υἱός βεωρ καί ὄνομα ὁ πόλις αὐτός δενναβα
Jettur, Naphes, Kedma: these are the sons of Ismael.
LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain
Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →
Lesson kit
Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.
1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 7 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Qêdᵉmâh (“Kedemah”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.
Discussion questions
- What does “Kedemah” (Qêdᵉmâh) contribute to the verse as a whole?
- Genesis 25:15 shares the word «Kedemah» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
- These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
- Reading how Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?
Things to notice
- These translations choose different wording for 1 word in this verse.
- 7 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 7 words in this verse.
Commentary
Notes on 1 Chronicles 1:31 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.
Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.