מִשְׁחָר
dawn
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H4891 appears — 1 distinct verse across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Psalms 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“dawn” is the headline sense of the Hebrew noun משחר (mishchâr). The Hebrew Bible uses it only 1 verse. It clusters heavily in Psalms, which alone accounts for 100% of its uses. Found nowhere else but Psalms 110:3. From the same root come שחר, שחר and שחר. See the sense tree, 1-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4891 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1 distinct verse.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #6,101
- by frequency
- Rank #6,101 (rank 6,101 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 1 occurrence in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Psalms 1 verse 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1 distinct verse.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Morning 1×
- American Standard Version†: Morning 1×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Dawn 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Dawn 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4891 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4891 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4891 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4891 across 1† tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- dawn
Word origin
n.[m.] dawn;—מֵרֶחֶם מ׳ ψ 110:3, but מ prob. dittogr., read שַׁחַר (Du, cf. Buhl).
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from שחר (shâchar) (H7836) — to seek.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
שָׁחַר I
- to break through, dig; to search, seek. Midr. Till. to Ps. CXIX, 9 ששוקדים ושׁוֹחֲרִים וכ׳ they watch, and search, and investigate &c.
- to pass through a cavity or a groove. Bets. 35ᵇ (ref. to Mish. ib. V, 1 ומאן דתני מַשְׁחִירִין וכ׳ nor is he wrong who reads mashḥirin (in place of משילין, referring for evidence to השחור, v. שָׁחוֹר II).
- (cmp. כָּרָה) to choose, select. Gen. R. s. 39 שִׁחַרְתִּיךָ לי, v. רֶחֶם; Yalk. Ps. 869.
שְׁחַר
- , to search, inquire. Targ. Is. VIII, 20.
שָׁחַר II
- to be charred, black.—V. שָׁחוֹר I.
- 1. to blacken. Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵈ הִשְׁחִירוּ פניהן וכ׳ they made their faces as black as the bottom of a pot, i.e. they ruined their reputation. Sabb. 152ᵃ (ref. to Koh. XI, 10) דברים … מַשְׁחִירִים וכ׳ certain things which a man does in his young days make his face look black (sickly) in his old age; a. e. e.g. Ecclesiastes 11:10
- 2. to become black. Y. Bets. II, end, 61ᵈ הִשְׁחִירוּ שיניו וכ׳ his teeth were black from fasting; Y. Sabb. V, end, 7ᶜ; Ḥag. 22ᵇ הוּשְׁחֲרוּ שיניו (Hof.; Ms. M. פניו). Ex. R. s. 1 (play on אשחור, II Chr. I, 24) שחִשְׁחִירוּ פניו בתעניות his face was black from fasting. Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᵈ bot. מכיון שה׳ as soon as it (the onion in the ground) gets black. Y. Snh. VIII, beg. 26ᵃ הִשְׁחִירָה הקדרה, v. בָּשַׁל; a. e. e.g. 2 Chronicles 1:24
- to become black, v. supra.
שְׁחַר ²
- to get black. Succ. 33ᵇ דאַשְׁחוּר אימת when did they (the berries on the myrtle branch) become black?
- to blacken. B. Mets. 117ᵇ דקא"ל קא מְשַׁחְרַת לי לכותלאי Ms. M. (differ. in ed., v. שַׁחְרוּרִיתָא) he may say to him, thou wilt make my wall black (by living in my house).—Part. pass. מְשַׁחַר; f. מְשַׁחְרָא; pl. מְשַׁחְרֵי; מְשַׁחְרָן. Yoma 28ᵇ מכי מש׳ כותלי when the walls begin to grow dark (are no longer shone upon by the sun), v. כּוֹתְלָא. Ber. 28ᵃ חזנהו … דמש׳ he saw that the walls of his room were sooty. Lam. R. to I, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 8) רישיה גריע ומְשַׁחְרִין אפוי (not ושיחרור) his head shaved, and his face blackened; a. e.
שָׁחַר III
- Hif. הִשְׁחִיר (denom. of שַׁחַר) to be early in doing; to get up early. Lev. R. s. 19, beg. מי שמַשְׁחִיר וכ׳, v. עָרַב II. Midr. Sam. ch. V ע"י שה׳ והעריב בהן because he was engaged in their study early and late; a. e.
- (b. h.) same, to do a thing early or diligently. Ex. R. s. 1 (ref. to Prov. XIII, 24) לפי ששִׁחֲרוֹ מוסר וכ׳ because he corrected him betimes (or earnestly), he loved him. Ib. היה יצחק מְשַׁחֵר מוסר ליעקב וכ׳ Isaac trained Jacob &c. e.g. Proverbs 13:24
שְׁחַר ³
- Ex. R. s. 47 למדו תורה דשְׁחִירִין ודקרין בלילה (ed. Wil. דשַׁחְרִין, some ed. דשִׁיחֲרִין) learn the Law from those who get up early (to study), and who read (teach) by night, opp. אִימְּטִין q. v.
- same. Targ. Is. XXIX, 20 (h. text שקד).
שְׁחַר IV
- (cmp. שחרר, v.חרם), Pa. שַׁחֵר [to declare a thing or man free, ownerless property,] to confiscate, press into public service. Targ. O. Num. XVI, 15 שָׁחַרִית ed. Berl. (Mss. שְׁחָרִ׳, שַׁחֲרֵית, שָׁחָרִ׳, v. Berl. O. II, p. 42; Y. I שְׁחָרִית). Targ. I Sam. XII, 3.—Ber. 56ᵃ חזית דמְשַׁחְרֵי לך פרסאי וכ׳ (Ms. M. דמשחדי, corr. acc.) thou shalt see in thy dream that the Parthians press thee into service &c. Ib. דמשחדי לך רומאי Ms. M. (corr. acc.; ed. אתו רומאי ושבו לך).—Part. pass. Pe. שָׁחִיר; f. שְׁחִירְתָּא sent abroad. Targ. Hos. VII, 11 כיונה ש׳ דאיתנסבן בנהא ed. Lag. (ed. שְׁרִיתֲתָא, q. v.) as a dove sent abroad when her young were taken away (h. text פותה, v. Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXXIV).
שַׁחַר
- morning dawn, early morning. Ber. IV, 1 תפלת הש׳ the morning prayer. Ib. I, 4 בש׳ מברך וכ׳ when reading the Sh’mʿa in the morning prayer, you recite two benedictions &c. Tam. IV, 1 של ש׳ (sub. תמיד) the daily offering of the morning; a. v. fr.—עמוד הש׳, v. עַמּוּד.—אילת הש׳, v. אַיָּלָה.—Pl. שְׁחָרִין, v. שַׁחֲרִית.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H4891, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 6 — not the complete family. 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 1 verse that also exists in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 1 Hebrew verse it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
