חוֹב

חוּב

• (b. h.), perf. חָב, part. חַיָיב, חָב [to be bound over, seized,]
• 1. to be declared guilty, be sentenced; to be punishable; to be (legally, morally or religiously) bound, to be responsible. B. Kam. I, 1 חב המזיק he who caused the damage must pay. Ib. 6ᵇ חב … חייב … מיבעי לה the Mishnah says ḥab, ought it not rather to read ḥayab (part.)?—[Answ.: they are the words of a Jerusalem Tannai.]—Ib. I, 2 כל שׁחַבְתִּי בשמירתו וכ׳ for whatever I am legally bound to guard, I am legally answerable in case of injury. Sabb. I, 1 העני חייב the recipient (the person standing outside) is guilty (of transgressing the Sabbath law).—Y. Ned. I, 36ᵈ top חב על כל וכ׳ he is punishable for each separately.—Ber. IX, 5 חייב אדם וכ׳ man must praise the Lord &c. Ḥag. 4ᵃ, a. e. כל מצוה שהאשה חַיֶיבֶת בה וכ׳ whatever religious act is obligatory on woman, is also obligatory &c.—Ib. מה להלן נשים חַיָיבוֹת as there (Deut. XXXI, 12) women are included in the obligation; a. v. fr. e.g. Deuteronomy 31:12
• 2. to act in behalf of a person to the latter’s disadvantage. Erub. VII, 11 ואין חָבִין וכ׳, v. זָכָה. Y. B. Kam. IV, 4ᵇ bot. בתחלה … ע"מ לָחוֹב להן וכ׳ originally guardians are not assigned to minors that they may eventually act to their disadvantage &c.; ואם חָבוּ חָבוּ but if they have done so, their action is legal (and they cannot be held responsible); Y. Gitt. V, 47ᵃ top.—Y. Keth. XI, 34ᵇ bot. נמצאתה חב וכ׳ then you would cause a disadvantage to the relics; a. fr.—ח׳ בעצמו to be alone answerable for one’s loss. Ber. I, 3 כדאי היית לָחוֹב בעצמך thou wouldst have deserved to be made answerable &c., i.e. if you had met with an accident you would have had none but yourself to blame.
• 3. to owe, be indebted. Shebu. VII, 5; a. fr.—ח׳ חטאת to be bound to bring a sin-offering; ח׳ מיתה to be subject to death penalty. Sabb. VII, 1. Ib. XI, 6 כל חַיְיבֵי חטאת וכ׳ all those eventually bound to bring &c., are not bound, unless &c. Snh. 58ᵇ; a. fr.
  • to declare guilty, to convict, sentence (opp. זִיכָּה, פָּטַר). Snh. 6ᵃ ח׳ את הזכאי if a judge (by an illegal decision) convicted one who ought to have been acquitted. Ib. III, 6 ואחד מְחַיֵּיב and one votes for acquittal. Shebu. IV, 13 ר׳ מאיר מח׳ וכ׳ R. M. says, he is guilty (of blasphemy); a. v. fr.—Ex. R. s. 32, beg. חִיַּיבְתֶּם עצמיכם you have given judgment against yourselves. B. Mets. 3ᵇ פיו אין מְחַיְּיבוֹ ממון וכ׳ the defendant’s own statement cannot cause a judgment against him to pay a penalty, but causes the imposition of an oath. Yoma 35ᵇ הלל מח׳ וכ׳, v. הִלֵּל.—Part. pass. מְחוּיָּיב, מְחוּיָּב = חַיָיב, sentenced, bound. Y. Keth. III, 27ᵇ מְחוּיְּיבֵי מיתות those sentenced to death, מ׳ מכות sentenced to lashes.—Ber. 20ᵇ, a. fr. כל שׁאינו מ׳ בדבר וכ׳ whatever is not obligatory upon a person himself, cannot be done by him as a representative of the community, v. חוֹבָה; a. fr.
  • 1. to be convicted, amenable to law. Keth. 30ᵇ מי שנ׳ סקילה he who (under Jewish jurisdiction) would have been sentenced to death through stoning. Ib. כבר נ׳ בגניבה וכ׳ he was amenable to punishment for theft, before he transgressed &c. Ib. מִתְחַיֵּיב בנפשו לא הוה וכ׳ but guilty of a deadly sin he was not until he ate it; a. fr.
  • 2. to be responsible. Ab. III, 4, a. fr. הרי זה מתח׳ בנפשו he is responsible for his life, would have himself to blame, if any accident should befall him (v. Ber. 3 quoted above).
  • 3. to be doomed, to have the misfortune to. Tosef. Shebu. III, 4 אין אדם מתח׳ לשמוע וכ׳ one has not the misfortune to hear (a curse &c.), unless he sinned himself (ref. to Lev. V, 1). Ib. הרואה … עבירה נ׳ לראות if one sees people sin, (we say) he had the misfortune to see, opp. זכה. e.g. Leviticus 5:1

חוּב ²

• perf. a. part. חָב, חַב same, esp. to incur guilt, to sin. Targ. Ex. XXXII, 31. Targ. Lev. IV, 22; a. fr.—Targ. O. Num. XV, 28 בִּמְחֲבֵיה ed. Berl. (oth. ed. בְּמֵחֲבֵיה, בְּמֶחֲ׳).
  • 1. as preced. Pi. Targ. Job XXXIV, 17; a. fr.—Lam. R. to II, 1 (expl. יָעִיב, ib.) איך ח׳ וכ׳ how did the Lord … condemn &c.; there are places דצווחין לחַיָיבָא עייבא where ḥayaba (the guilty) is pronounced ͑ayaba, v. עוּב.—B. Kam. 68ᵇ לא לִיחַיְּיבֵיה (omitted in Ms. F.) do not condemn him (to pay a fine). Ber. 20ᵇ וכל מ"ע נְחַיְּיבִינְהוּ וכ׳ we might just as well by rabbinical ordinance declare them subject to all positive religious duties; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְחַיַּיב (interch. with מִיחַיַּיב, v. infra).
  • 2. to induce to sin. Targ. II Kings XXI, 16; a. e.
  • 1. to become guilty, to be induced to sin. Targ. I Sam. XIX, 5 (ed. Lag. את מחייב). Targ. Y. Lev. V, 19; a. e.
  • 2. to be convicted, sentenced &c.; to be amenable to law, be bound. Targ. Ps. XXXIV, 23; a. e.—Keth. 85ᵃ ההיא … דאִיחַיְּיבָא שבועה וכ׳ a woman was declared bound to make oath in the court of &c. R. Hash. 29ᵃ מִיחַיְּיבֵי are bound (subject to the law about Shofar). Ib. אימא … לא לִיחַיְּיבוּ I might have thought they ought not to be bound. B. Kam. 72ᵇ כי קא מְחַיַּיב (v. supra) when does he become responsible; a. v. fr.

חוֹב I

• preced. wds.) debt, indebtedness.—בעל ח׳ (abbr. ב"ח) creditor. Keth. IX, 2 והניח … וב"ח וכ׳ and left a widow, a creditor (claiming a debt) and heirs. Ib. 3 וב"ח יותר על חוֹבוֹ and the creditor (seized) more than his debt amounted to. Ib. 69ᵃ בת בעלת ח׳ הויא a daughter (of a deceased father) has the privileges of a creditor, contrad. to יורשת, heiress; a. fr.—שטר ח׳ note of indebtedness. Ib. XIII, 8 המוציא ש׳ ח׳ וכ׳ if one produces a note against &c.; a. fr.—Pl. חוֹבִין. Ned. 47ᵇ בעלי ח׳ creditors.

חוֹב II

• 1. bosom, trnsf. the full ramification of a tree, opp. חוּד the point, the body of the tree reaching above the main branches. B. Kam. 81ᵃ bot. חוּבּוֹ של אילן Ar., Ms. H. a. F. (Rashi version: חיבו; ed. אִיבֹּו, v. אֵב).
• 2. seam, rim.—Pl. חוּבִּין. Ib. 119ᵇ top ולא … שלשה ח׳ he must not use (of the cloth for stretching and hackling) more than three widths of a seam; [Tosef. ib. XI, 13 ed. Zuck. חכין, also some Mss. B. Kam. l. c., Ms. F. a. R. חֻבִּין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., note; v. חַכָּה].