Joshua 19:45

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

and Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
3 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible

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Word by word

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וִיהֻ֥ד

Yᵉhud

H3055

“and · Jehud”

Conjunction + Noun, Proper

Appears 1× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a briefer form of one corresponding to H3061

TWOT: None

Jehud = "beauty" - a town in Dan, located between Baalath and Bene-berak and 8 miles east of Joppa

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

5: words
3: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

וִיהֻ֥ד Jehud H3055

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

וִיהֻ֥ד Jehud H3055
וּבְנֵֽי Bene-barak H1139
וְגַת Gath-rimmon H1667

Grammatical profile

5 nouns

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

וּבְנֵֽי Bene-barak H1139 ×2
וְגַת Gath-rimmon H1667 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 6 words from the Hebrew and 6 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 5 Hebrew tokens and 6 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Joshua 19:45 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Joshua 21:24 Aijalon with its suburbs, Gath-rimmon with its suburbs; four cities.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Joshua 19:45 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵֽי בְרַ֖ק וְגַת רִמּֽוֹן

and Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Joshua 19:45 Septuagint · lemma form

καί αζωρ καί βαναιβακατ καί γεθρεμμων

and Azor, and Banaebacat, and Gethremmon.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

וִיהֻד וּבְנֵי בְרַק וְגַת רִמוֹן:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Joshua 19:45 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 45. Jehud, and Bene-berak] Or Jehud of the children of Berak.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

45. Jehud] may, it is thought, be still traced in the village of El-Yehudiyeh in the district of Lydda. Robinson’s Bib. Res. iii. 45. Bene-berak has not been identified; Gath-rimmon we find (ch. Jos_21:24) given to the Levites, but the site is unknown.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And Mejarkon, and Rakkon,.... Of the two first of these we read no where else.

with the border before Japho; Japho is the same with Joppa, now called at this day Jaffa, a port in the Mediterranean sea, famous for being the place where Jonah took shipping; see Gill on Jon 1:3; and where the Apostle Peter resided some time; see Gill on Act 9:36; and See Gill on Act 9:38. It is not certain whether Joppa itself was in the tribe of Dan, or only on the borders of it; the coast of Dan reached "over against" it, as it may be rendered, and included the villages and little cities that were near it; for such there were, as Josephus (b) testifies.

(b) De Bello Jud. l. 3. c. 8. sect. 4.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Barach. Hebrew, "Bene-barac," or "Jud, of the sons of Barac."

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

The Pulpit Commentary

Gathrimmon. Also a Levitical city. (see Jos_21:24 1Ch_6:69) Mejarkon. The waters of the Jarkon.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Joshua, in the Historical, opens this verse with 5 words (3 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Yᵉhud (“Jehud”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Jehud” (Yᵉhud) contribute to the verse as a whole?
1 word here appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. Why might the author reach for such rare wording?
3 words make their first appearance in Scripture here. What does this debut establish?
How does Joshua 21:24, which shares this passage’s theme, read alongside this verse?
What does the repetition of “Bene-barak” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
Compare how Adam Clarke's Commentary and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
3 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 5 Hebrew ↔ 6 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 8 words in this verse.
“Bene-barak” occurs 2× in this single verse.