Joshua 15:37

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdal-gad,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

2 hapax legomena — only here in the Hebrew Bible
3 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible

Download a study sheet

One document with this verse’s original text, its word-by-word gloss line, the meaning frame, cross-references with their text, attributed commentary, and full source and license credits — printable, and it pastes into notes with its structure intact.

This verse Autodidact and up

Study sheet (.html) Plain text (.txt)

A passage Seminary Student

Up to 50 verses in one chapter. A passage sheet keeps up to 6 commentary sources and 12 cross-references per verse, in the order this page ranks them, and says so on the sheet whenever that leaves anything out. Ask for a single verse and you get the Autodidact verse sheet above.

Everything on this page stays free to read, with no account — the sheet is a download of what is already on screen, not access to it.

Want to remove ads? Support Godless Engineer

Word by word

More ways to search: Search by grammar → Find every occurrence → Compare this word →

Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →

צְנָ֥ן

Tsᵉnân

H6799

“Zenan”

Noun, Proper

Appears 1× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: probably for H6630

TWOT: None

Zenan = "pointed" - a town in the low country of Judah

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

4: words
3: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

2 hapax legomena — words that appear only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

צְנָ֥ן Zenan H6799
וַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה Hadashah H2322

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

צְנָ֥ן Zenan H6799
וַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה Hadashah H2322
וּמִגְדַּל Migdal-gad H4028

Grammatical profile

4 nouns

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

וּמִגְדַּל Migdal-gad H4028 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 5 words from the Hebrew and 5 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 4 Hebrew tokens and 5 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Joshua 15:37 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

צְנָ֥ן וַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה וּמִגְדַּל גָּֽד

Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdal-gad,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Joshua 15:37 Septuagint · lemma form

σεννα καί αδασαν καί μαγαδαγαδ

Senna, and Adasan, and Magadalgad,

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

צְנָן וַחֲדָשָׁה וּמִגְדַל גָד:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Joshua 15:37 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

37. Zenan] Group II. comprises the cities of the actual plain in its whole extent from north to south, between the hilly region on the west and the Philistine coast on the east. It includes sixteen cities:—

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And Dilean,.... Of the first of these nothing is to be said:

and Mizpeh, of which name there were cities in other tribes; this in the tribe of Judah was in the times of Jerom (w) called Mapha, on the borders of Eleutheropolis to the south, as you go to Aelia, or Jerusalem:

and Joktheel, of which nothing is to be said.

(w) De loc. Heb. fol. 93. D.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

37-41. This second group of the cities in the Shephelah, sixteen in number, are now nearly all unknown. On Lachish and Eglon, see Jos_10:3.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

Connecting Statement:

The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: How to Translate Names)

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Joshua, in the Historical, opens this verse with 4 words (3 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Tsᵉnân (“Zenan”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Zenan” (Tsᵉnân) contribute to the verse as a whole?
This verse holds 2 words here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare words draw attention to?
3 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
“Migdal-gad” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
Reading how The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges and John Gill's Exposition read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

2 words in this verse appear nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
3 words make their first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 4 Hebrew ↔ 5 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
“Migdal-gad” occurs 2× in this single verse.